Community Service 


Week 


m North Carolina 


Compiled for the use of 
Men, Womenand Children 
in the Advancement of Ev-. 
ery Community in the State 


December 3, 4, 5, :: 1914 


By the Community Service 
Week Committee 


SE SSS J AL5]SSSSSSS|STE 


we Meh 


RALEIGH, 1914 


Issued from the Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction 


EDWARDS & BROUGHTON PRINTING CO., RALEIGH, N. C. 


COMMITTEE ON COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


CLARENCE PoE, Chairman 


W. C. Crossy, Secretary 


J. Y. JOYNER J. I. Foust _ W. 8S. RANKIN 
W. A. GRAHAM H. Q. ALEXANDER T. B. PARKER 
H. K. GRAHAM D. H. Hinn W. J. SHUFORD 


COOPERATING WITH 
THE STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 
THE STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
Louis R. Witson, Hditor of Bulletin 


HOW TO USE THIS PAMPHLET 


This pamphlet is intended for the use of: 

1. Every teacher in North Carolina; 

2. Every member of a county committee on Community Service Week; 

3. Every member of a local committee on Community Service Week; 

4, Every other citizen who has an ambition to further any of the purposes 
‘of the “Week.” 

In the very outset therefore let us give a few general suggestions to each of 
these readers. : ; . 

To begin with, let each teacher and committeeman read this entire pam- 
phlet through. If you have a passion for better things and for helping make 
things better, it will be as interesting as a novel. Then in reading mark the 
things that especially interest you—the things that you feel ought to be 
considered and discussed in your own neighborhood, town, or county. Talk 
these matters over with all the members of your committee and with 


other progressive men and women of your section. Look up the tables in. 


Section V and see how your county ranks in each matter there presented. 
Also examine Section VI and see if some other community has not already 
blazed the way for the progress your own community needs to make. Then 
look over our table “Where to get Help or Information” and get into touch 
with whatever authority, organization, or agency stands ready to help you. 
In this way you may frequently have the needed forward movement not only 
ready to present at your local or-county meeting, but by getting a few neigh- 
bors interested with you, you may actually be ready to set it going without 
further delay. 


oe ey ee 


PROCLAMATION BY THE GOVERNOR 


WHEREAS, the people of North Carolina in recent years have made a re- 
markable record of industrial, educational and moral progress. Today they 
are moved as never before with a passion for yet larger achievement. They 
believe “that which they have done but an earnest of the things they yet 
shall do.” They press on with the determination that in everything that 
makes for greatness in a State, North Carolina shall take a foremost place 
in the sisterhood of American Commonwealths.’ And, 

WHEREAS, the realization of our patriotic ambition for North Carolina as a 
whole depends upon the achievment of the same ideal in the local community 
—the county, the town, the township, the school district, the little neighbor- 
hood grouped around church or schoolhouse; and for progress in each, there 
must be first, a knowledge of conditions; second, united work of all the peo- 
ple at tasks of immediate improvement; and third, the organization of the 
people for persistent prosecution of all the larger processes of community 
betterment. 

THEREFORE, I, Locke Craig, Governor of North Carolina, in response to 
widespread sentiment among our people as expressed by many organizations 
and societies, do hereby set apart the 3d, 4th, and 5th days of December, 
one thousand nine hundred and fourteen, to be known and observed through- 
out the State of North Carolina, as “COMMUNITY SERVICE DAYS,” and I 
appoint them as days wherein every man, woman and child in the Common- 
wealth shall lend heart, hand, and brain to the service and development of 
North Carolina and of its every community and county, and as days wherein 
the people shall meet, confer and work together for advancement along the 
three-fold lines of investigation, united labor for the immediate improvement 
of the community, and wise planning for its future. 

I call on the leaders of thought and progress in every community to assist 
in organizing and planning for these “COMMUNITY SERVICE DAYS.” 

I call on the Farmers’ Union, the chambers of commerce, the women’s 
clubs, our teachers and ministers, the press of the State, our lawyers, physi- 
cians, farmers, business men, industrial forces, and all others, to cooperate 
in working out plans for such community service, and on these days to put 
aside matters of private concern and to devote themselves to the great move- 
ments for the common good. j 

1. I urge that in each community, social and economic surveys shall be 
made the first days of the week, or earlier, so as to inform the public.as to 
the conditions now existing and the lines of progress most needed. 

2. I urge that on Thursday, “PUBLIC ROADS, GROUNDS AND BUILD- 
INGS DAY,” the men, women and young people of each town, township or 
school district meet, according to plan, and work together in one or more of 
three forms of actual physical service to the community: (1) in improving 
the roads and streets and making them more worthy and more creditable 
to the people; (2) in improving both interior and exterior of the school- 
houses, churches and courthouses and other public buildings; (3) in clearing 
off and beautifying the grounds of schoolhouses, churches, parks, cemeteries, 
etc., and planting trees and shrubs in these places as well as along streets, 
roadsides and private grounds. 


4 CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


3. I urge that on Friday the older people with the children shall meet at 
every schoolhouse in town or country to observe “SCHOOL AND NHIGHBOR- 
HOOD IMPROVEMENT DAY,” as a day of practical patriotism, and at these 
meetings conditions in the community shall be reported and discussed; plans 
made for improving schools, highways, social life, economic, moral and health 
conditions; committees named to prosecute such plans, and acrane 
made for subsequent public meetings for their accomplishment. 

4. I urge that on Saturday, “COUNTY PROGRESS DAY,” a great public 
meeting shall be held at each county seat when all the people shall meet 
together to discuss “The Needs and Possibilities of Our County,” candidly 
comparing its present conditions with its potentialities, and inaugurating 
movements needed for its progress and development. 

5. 1 urge that at all these meetings exhibits illustrating conditions be 
made; plans discussed for attracting desirable settlers to places needing 
them; the organization of farmers’ societies, town boards of trade, and boys’ 
and girls’ industrial clubs promoted; wholesome sports, recreations and 
plays encouraged; the flags of State and Nation raised over schoolhouses 
and other public buildings; and plans made for providing books, papers and 
libraries for old and young and for teaching those who have grown to ma- 
turity illiterate. I also designate this week as “HOME-COMING WEEK,” 
when all former residents of each North Carolina community shall be asked 


to return and visit friends and scenes of other days, and invited to aid the 


forward movements in their old home neighborhoods. 

With the high resolve and faith that North Carolina, under God, shall take 
a foremost place in the civilization of the world, and with an invocation of 
His gracious favor on the endeavors of our people, I call on every North 
Carolina man, woman, and child of whatever place, creed, party, or station, 
to give these days in consecrated service to the community and to the Com- 
monwealth. 

Done in our city of Raleigh, on this 29th day of September, in the year of 
our Lord, one thousand nine hundred and fourteen, and in the one hundred 
and thirty-ninth year of our American Independence. 

LocKE CRAIG, 
Governor. 
By the Governor, 
J. P. Kure, 
Private Secretary. 


a a 


PREFACE 


Chapter 164 of the Public Laws of 1901 directs that one day in each and 
every year, to be called “North Carolina Day,” shall “be devoted by appro- 
priate exercises in the public schools of the State to the consideration of 
some topic or topics of our State history to be selected by the Superintend- 
ent of Public Instruction.” 

I have deemed it wise to devote this day this year to the consideration of 
topics of the current history of the State for the stimulation of the great 
uplift movements that are shaping the civilization of North Carolina to-day 
and that will largely determine her future history. Therefore I have de- 
signated Friday, December 4th, “School and. Neighborhood Improvement 
Day,” of Community Service Week as “North Carolina Day” also. In the 
hope of rendering a larger service to the school, the community, the county 
and the State, in codperation with the State Committee on Community Ser- 
vice Week, I have correlated the program for ‘North Carolina Day” with the 
other programs for that week and have had all these programs printed in 
one pamphlet for general distribution from the State Department of Public 
Instruction. d 

I call earnestly upon teachers, superintendents, and all other school offi- 
cials to codperate actively and heartily with all other citizens in the success- 
ful observance not only of “North Carolina Day,” but also of the other days 
of Community Service Week, programs for which are found in this pam- 
phiet. - Never was the opportunity better nor the need greater for impress- 
ing and teaching the lesson of community service and cooperation than in 
this hour when the unfortunate conditions incident to the horrible European 
War render these necessary for self-protection. 

Very truly yours, 
Jie Gar OYNER. 
State Superintendent of Public Instruction. 

RALEIGH, N. C., 

September, 1914. 


CONTENTS 


Proclamation by the Governor. ..-sant uit nee eee nee 
PYrelaGe ace hor eeee ies erica ba ee arena aver orale Sista omens Meee Ear Wee ae eb tes ge 
Introduction cas o.oc5 sear aks el eae rte erent te err ae ea 
Section I.—Questions for a Rural Census or Survey.................+- 
Section II.—Program for Thursday— Public Roads, Grounds and 
Buildings? Da yiuela cree eee ete tk ee ae Be eM aes 
Section III.—Program for Friday— School and Neighborhood Im- 
PIOVEMENt SDAY  satieves c.5 oloe ech Pie ota eho eee chicas lanay oh se ePeise Gone ope Be eee 
Section IV.—Program for Saturday—County Progress Day........... 
Section V.—Plain Truth About Your County; Where It Stands and 
How < lt-is «Moving hiss See ocd gb cree te cree ee eee 
Table I. Illiteracy Among Native-born Whites...................5 
TablewLL.: ChurcheMembership2.. oi scie sass eie tate See eee 

ABE Woy IMO kehigoah, “AMINES 6 oo laoMuoseS c Fae ijuehel oeshecetanel ale taheeia eat ao toto eme 
Table IV. Per Capita Wealth of Country Populations............. 
Table: V..Per Acre Crop: Yields * 5 <cxsssterecacmie ais hele) yeacia aetna: amines 
Table VI. Per Capita Food and Feed Stuffs:¢. i. 02) 2... ee ‘3 
Table VII. North Carolina’s Willingness to Establish and Support 
Public? Schoolss Ae ence ero eee ere ere eee eee eae 

Tabley- VILE Road “Mileage es cais preter eee a ae aa eee ante cel ones 
Tables eX., Boys Corn, Clube Hnrollmentin cc sc occas ict itieee 
Table X. Corn and Cotton Yields under Demonstration Methods... 
Tabley Xt. Girls’ Cannings Clube Hnrollmentaperee en eines ete 
Section VI.—Good Examples for Your Community............:....... 


ie 


INTRODUCTION 


In November of last year Governor Craig set apart two days to be known 
and observed all over North Carolina as “Road Working Days.” Of course, 
not every male citizen of proper age joined in the movement, but a sufficient 
number participated to give some wholesome object-lessons in community 
effort. 

But perhaps the best result of the proclamation and the work was the im- 
pression made on the fertile mind of the then acting President of our State 
University, Dr. Edward K. Graham. He began saying to a few friends, “Now, 
if it’s a good thing to have all the people drop their private interests two 
days and improve the roads, why wouldn’t it be a better thing to have a week 
set aside for the consideration of all matters of public welfare? Why not 
have a ‘Civic Service Week’ in North Carolina?” 

The idea made an immediate appeal to a number of earnest men and 
women who resolved that it should be carried into effect. The plan was 
presented by Dr. Graham and the writer to the State Board of Agriculture, the 
State Farmers’ Union, the State Conference for Social Service, the State 
Press Association, the North Carolina Federation of Women’s Clubs and the 
North Carolina Good Roads Association, these organizations giving it ap- 
proval, not perfunctory but hearty and unanimous. To Governor Craig, 
keenly interested in all plans for the State’s upbuilding, the idea also made 
instant appeal, and he early entrusted plans for its development to the Execu- 
tive Committee of the ‘North Carolina Conference of Organizations and 
Institutions for Rural Upbuilding,”’ consisting of D. H. Hill, H. Q. Alexander, 
J. Y. Joyner, J. I. Foust, E. K. Graham, W. J. Shuford, W. A. Graham, T. B. 
Parker, W. S. Rankin, and the writer. That committee took over the original 
suggestion, changed the name to “Community Service Week,” as better ex- 
pressing the definite aims of the Committee, and by working out details pro- 
ceeded to transform the idea into a reality. 

Now with the official proclamation just made by Governor Craig and the 
hearty cooperation given by Dr. Joyner who decided months ago to merge 
the observance of “North Carolina Day” with COMMUNITY SERVICE 
WEHBK, the movement is definitely inaugurated. » 

But if it is to be the inspiring success it ought to be the most important 
work remains to be done. There must be men and women in every county 
who will patiently work out plans for making Community Service Week a 
genuine success in their county, and there must be in each neighborhood not 
only a teacher and a chairman of the school committee who will work faith- 
fully (instinctively, it seems, every man who proposes a forward movement 
turns to the educational leaders of a community for support) but there must 
be other public-spirited men and women ready to codperate in the work of 
making Thursday (“Public Roads, Grounds, and Buildings Day’) and Friday 


_ (“School and Neighborhood Improvement Day’) memorable in the history 


of the section. 
To the writer this pamphlet is an inspiration and a joy. If anybody wishes 
an illustration of the practical, constructive temper of the North Carolina 


* mind of today, he need go no further. How far we have come from an atti- 


tude of mere contented glorification of our past and present, is indicated by 


8 CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


this. pamphlet; how far we have advanced from the disposition to think that 
leader greatest who most nearly convinced us that we were the greatest 
people on earth, our blood the purest, our history the sublimest, and our 
resources the richest—refusing to face unwelcome truths and furnishing no 
spur to prick the sides of our ambition. 

If this pamphlet does not throb and burn with the energetic, open-minded, 
forward-looking spirit that has made America what she is, the spirit that 
“does noble things not dream them all day long,’ if it is not instinct with 
the spirit of Kipling’s typical American who 


“Turns a keen, untroubled face 
Home to the instant need of things,” 


then I have read it to little purpose. 

In the years following Appomattox, while something of the bitterness and 
injured pride resulting from a great defeat lingered with us, there may have 
been a psychological obstacle hindering the development of such a spirit; but 
today, sure of ourselves, unflinching and unshrinking, we not only face but 
welcome a thorough diagnosis of conditions. We are anxious to know how our 
State compares with other states, how our county compares with other coun- 
ties, and how our community compares with other communities. We believe 
as firmly as ever that we have as capable a people as the sun shines on, but 
that fact only makes imperative the question as to whether these capabilities 
are being fully developed and properly used. We believe we have unlimited 
resources, but that only makes us inquire. as to how adequately each com- 
munity is using these resources. We know that our fathers fought well in 
war, but we remember that our question from the Sphinx of History will be 
whether their sons wrought well in peace. And while we cherish “the glory 
that was Greece and the grandeur that was Rome,’ we study them but to 
connect them with the Here and Now—but to remind ourselves that men of 
like passions as we are have built beautiful and half-divine civilizations in 
states no larger than ours, in lands no more blessed with the Almighty’s gifts, 
and that we have “all that any people ever had to inspire them—the Heavens 
above us, the generous earth beneath, and the breath of life in our nostrils.” 

Our blood has begun to stir with the thought that we have a State larger 
in area than England or Scotland or Greece, and which may well achieve, 
in the providence of God, a civilization as rich, varied and historic as theirs. 
In fact, I would not have us limit our ambition or measure our possibilities 
by what men in any other era or land have achieved, but instead I would 
have some North Carolina Walt Whitman arise, even if with “a barbaric 
yawp sounded over the roofs of the world,” and proclaim that we may have 
here and now “the most splendid race the sun ever yet shone upon,” with 
“splendors and majesties to make all the previous politics of the earth seem 
insignificant” and that while we honor all earth’s mighty dead, “a work 
remains—the work of surpassing all that they have done.” 

We do not forget, however, in our practical temper of today, that a State 
“is but the expression of men’s single lives, the loud sum of the silent units.” 
As Governor Craig well says in his proclamation, “The realization of our 
patriotic ambition for North Carolina as a whole depends upon the achieve- 
ment of the same ideal in the local community—the county, the town, the 
township, the school district, the little neighborhood grouped around church 
or schoolhouse.” 


COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 9 


In this spirit and with this high purpose these plans for “Community 
Service Week” are presented to all the people of North Carolina, and with 
the faith that each of us, young and old, will give a glad response both to the 
summons of our Chief Executive and to the yet more insistent summons 
of his own heart’s devotion to our mother State. 

To Prof. Louis R. Wilson, who, as Editor, has done more work than any one 
else in the preparation of this pamphlet; to Dr. J. Y. Joyner, who insured suc- 
cess by summoning all the educational forces in the State to the aid of the 
movement; to the North Carolina County Clubs at the University working 
under Professor Branson whose tables in Section V would alone make this 
pamphlet memorable; and to Mrs. T. W. Lingle, Dr. D. H. Hill, Dr. W. S. 
Rankin, R. T. Wyche, Mrs. Charles McKimmon, officials of the Department 
of Agriculture, and others, who have aided the work in numerous ways, the 
thanks of the State are due; as they are also due to Prof. W. C. Crosby, the 
Secretary of the Committee, to whom the work of organization has been 
largely entrusted. Respectfully submitted, 

CLARENCE Por, 
4 Chairman, Committee on Community Service Week. 

RALEIGH, N. C., 

October 10, 1914. 


AGENCIES THAT WILL FURNISH FREE HELP ABOUT ANY EORWARD 
MOVEMENT YOU WISH TO INAUGURATE 

1. If you wish help about getting local taxation, consolidation of districts, 
a longer term or better school methods, or wish information about any of 
these things, write State Superintendent J. Y. Joyner, Raleigh, or Bureau of 
Education, Washington, D. C. 

-2. If you wish help or information about any health subject, or if you wish 
to get the State Health bulletins, write the State Board of Health, Raleigh. 

38. If you wish any information on any agricultural subject, write State 
Department of Agriculture, Raleigh; Agricultural Hxperiment Station, Ra- 
leigh; or Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 

4. If you wish information on any good roads subject, write Dr. J. H. Pratt, 
Secretary North Carolina Good Roads Association, Chapel Hill, ‘v. C. 

5. If you wish a list of books, pamphlets or magazine articles, bearing on 
any subject you are interested in, write Bureau of Extension, Chapel Hill; 
Library Commission, Raleigh, and Congressional Library, Washington, D. C. 

6. For information or advice on any matters of North Carolina history, 
write State Historical Commission, Raleigh. 

7. For information concerning debates in schools or farmers’ clubs, pro- 
grams for literary clubs, etc., write Bureau of Extension, Chapel Hill; 
Library Commission, Raleigh. 

8. If you want a school library, write State Superintendent Joyner as to 
how to proceed; and if you want a traveling or debate library, or help about 
establishing a town .or city library, write to State Library Commission, 
Raleigh. 

9. If you wish to enter a boy in Corn Club work, write Director Boys’ Corn 
Club Work, A. and M. College, West Raleigh. 

10. If you wish to enter a girl in Canning Club work, write Mrs. Jane S. 
McKimmon, Raleigh. 


10 CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


11. If you want information or help about the extermination of hookworm 
disease, write to the Director of Hookworm Work, Raleigh. 

12. If you want the bulletins of the State Department of Agriculture, 
write Commissioner of Agriculture, Raleigh. 

13. Whenever you wish any bulletins issued by the National Department 
of Agriculture, send the names and numbers of bulletins desired to your 
Congressman or to the Secretary of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Ask for 
free list of farmers’ bulletins. 

14. If you want a Farmers’ Institute or a Woman’s Institute held in your 
community, write the Director of Institutes, North Carolina Department of 
Agriculture, Raleigh. 

15. If you wish statistics bearing on any question, write the Census Bureau, 
Washington, D. C. . 

16. If you are interested in any National legislation, or wish speeches or 
documents bearing on national legislation, write to your Representative, or to 
one of our North Carolina Senators, Senator F. M. Simmons, Senator Lee S. 
Overman, Washington, D. C. 

17. If you wish to establish a Farm Life School, write State Department of 
Education, Raleigh. 

18. If you wish to organize a Local Farmers’ Union, write to EH. C. Faires, 
Secretary State Farmers’ Union, Aberdeen, N. C. 

19. If you wish to organize a club of United Farm Women, write to Mrs. 
W. N. Hutt; West Raleigh. 

20. If you wish advice about putting home economics in your school cur- 
riculum, write State Normal and Industrial College, Greensboro, N. C. 

21. If you wish literature or information relating to temperance subjects, 
write Superintendent State Anti-Saloon League, Raleigh. 

22. If you wish to organize a Woman’s Club, write Secretary North Caro- 
lina Federation of Women’s Clubs, New Bern, N. C. 

23. If you wish to organize a Y. M. C. A., write State Secretary Y. M. C. A. 
Association, Charlotte. 

24. If you wish to organize a band of Boy Scouts, write Boy Scouts of 
America, 200 Fifth Avenue, New York City. 

25. If you wish to organize a local Chamber of Commerce, write Secretary 
North Carolina Chamber of Commerce, Greensboro. 


GOVERNMENT BULLETINS OF VALUE IN COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 
DISCUSSIONS 
Any of the seven following publications will be sent free as long as the 
supply lasts. Address the Commissioner of Education, Washington, D. C., 
and state the exact title of the pamphlet desired. 
American Schoolhouses—by Fletcher B. Dresslar. 
The Georgia Club for Rural Sociology—by E. C. Branson. 
Good Roads Arbor Day—by Susan B. Siper. 
Cultivating School Grounds in Wake County, North Carolina—by Z. V. 
Judd. ; 
A Trade School for Girls. 
German Industrial Education and Its Lessons for the United States— 
by Holmes Beckwith. 
Industrial Education in Columbus, Ga.—by R. R. Daniel. 


COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK ; 26 


Following are a few of the many Farmers’ Bulletins that may be had free 
by addressing a postal card to your Congressman or to “The Secretary of 
Agriculture, Washington, D. C.,”’ and stating the numbers you wish. Order 
by number always. Ask for complete list of bulletins. 


44—Remedies and Preventives Against Mosquitoes. 

54—Some Common Birds. 
134—Tree Planting on Rural School Grounds. 
218—The School Garden. 

385—Boys’ and Girls’ Agricultural Clubs. 
408—School Exercise in Plant Production. 
409—School Lessons on Corn. 
428—Testing Farm Seeds. 

450—Some Facts About Malaria. 
463—The Sanitary Privy. 
473—Tuberculosis. _ 
474—Use of Paint on the Farm. 
478—How to Prevent Typhoid Fever. 
494—Lawns and Lawn Soils. 
513—Fifty Common Birds. 


FARMERS’ UNION OFFERS $100 FOR PRIZE REPORTS 


The State Farmers’ Union, in addition to unanimously endorsing the pro- 
position for Community Service Week at its State meeting last December, 
has offered $100 in prizes for the most interesting reports on “How Our 
Neighborhood Observed Community Service Week.’ Each report must be 
written by a boy or girl whose father is a member of the Farmers’ Union 
(or whose mother or guardian is a member in case the father is dead), and 
the $100 in prizes will be distributed as follows: 

“To each of the congressional districts of the State three cash prizes are to 
be allotted. To the boy or girl in each district, of school age, who sends 
in the best description of these occasions shall be awarded a prize of five 
dollars; for the second best description a prize of three dolars; for the 
third best a prize of two dollars. These articles are to be written with pen 
and ink or typewritten, on one side of the paper only, and must contain not 
less than 250 nor more than 500 words. These letters are to contain actual 
facts relating to the observance of Community Service Week in the writer’s 
own neighborhood and county, showing the good accomplished, the plans 
adopted, the important facts found out, the progressive movements in- 
augurated, etc.; and these reports must be sent to Mr. E. C. Faires, Sec- 
retary State Farmers’ Union, Aberdeen, N. C., not later than December 15, 
1914. The names of the prize-winners will be published in the farm papers 


.and the prize-winning letters will be published from time to time. The 


Union reserves the right to publish any or all of the papers submitted.” 


SECTION I 
QUESTIONS FOR A RURAL CENSUS OR SURVEY 


These questions are to be answered “yes” or “no,” by the head of each 
family in the school district. Full directions for working this survey or 
census will be sent to members of local committees. On account of the late- 
ness of beginning, the committee has been unable to prepare a survey for 
city communities this year, but we hope to make such a city survey a feature 
of next year’s work. 


1. Do all your children between six and sixteen attend school? 
2. Is any boy or girl in your family attending college?. 
3. Do any of your boys study the school books on agriculture? 
4. Do your boys and girls study the health books? 
5. Do your children read any library books? 
6. Do you read any library books yourself? 
7. Is there any grown or nearly-grown member of your family who can’t 
read and write but has ambition and would like to learn? 
8. Do you take a county paper? 
9. Do you take a farm paper? 
10. Do you take a woman’s paper? 
11. Do you take a religious paper? 
12. Do you own your farm? 
13. Do you get the Agricultural Department bulletins? 
14. Do you belong to a farmers’ organization? 
15. Does your wife belong to a woman’s club? 
16. Does your boy belong to a corn club? 
17. Does your girl belong to a canning club? 
18. Do you attend the farmers’ institute? 
19. Does vour wife attend the women’s institute? 
20. Are you a church member? 
21. Do you attend regularly? : 
22. Do the children attend Sunday School? 
23. Do you own any farm machinery in codperation with your neighbor? 
24. Do you codperate with your neighbors in buying fertilizers, feedstuffs, 
or other supplies? 
25. Do you codperate with your neighbors in marketing your crops? 
26. Have you purebred cattle? 
27. Have you purebred hogs? 
28. Have you purebred poultry? 
29. Do you have a garden all the year round? 
30. Do you usually have milk and butter all the year round? 
31. Has the farm demonstration agent helped you this year? 
382. Do you buy corn? 
33. Do you buy meat? 
34. Do you buy hay? 
35. Ever make an exhibit at the county fair? 
36. Have you ever had your children examined for physical defects? 


eo 


CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK ites 


37. Do you use patent medicines? 

38. Is your house screened? 

39. Do you sleep with your windows open in winter? 

40. Do you get the health bulletins? 

41. Do you get R. F. D. service? 

42. Would you favor a reasonable tax for road improvement? 

43. Is there a telephone in the house? 

44. Is your home insured against fire? 

45. Do you have to carry water over 100 yards? 

46. Have you a washing machine? 

47. Do the boys have Saturday afternoons off for baseball or other recrea- 
tions. ’ 

48. Has the family attended a picnic this year? 

49. Is the house painted? 

50. Are outbuildings whitewashed? 

51. Would you favor larger school with more children, more teachers, better 
’ paid, larger and better house and grounds? 

52. Would you favor industrial, agricultural and some high school sub- 
jects in your school? 

58. Would you favor enlarging the territory of your school district by con- 
solidation with transportation where necessary and voting reasonable local 
tax to secure these results? : 


ECTION I 


PROGRAM FOR THURSDAY—PUBLIC ROADS, GROUNDS 
AND BUILDINGS DAY 


The program for Thursday, Public Roads, Graunds and Buildings Day, is 
intended to suggest ways and means by which young and old, men and 
women, in every community, may join in.actual physical effort together. 
It is to be a genuine ‘‘work day” with recreational features for the noon 
hours and the afternoon or evening. Let the local committee for this day 
arrange a schedule of community work which will provide: 


1. For Improving Roads (or in Town, Streets, Sidewalks, Parks, and Public 
Buildings). 


On Good Roads Days in 1913, Gov. Locke Craig led a band of road workers 
in his home township in Buncombe. At Chapel Hill Dr. Pratt, of the 
Geological Survey, and President Graham, of the University, with many 
citizens of the town, several members of the faculty, and four hundred 
students, side-drained and surfaced with gravel an eighth of a mile of 
Franklin Street, the main street of the town. In Randolph County, 2,000 
men and’boys worked two days, using one hundred and fifty teams, grading 
eight miles and graveling one and a half miles of road. 

On account of the vital interdependence between good roads and good 
schools, special care should be taken to improve the approaches to the 
schoolhouses. 

Remove logs, rocks, stumps and stones from the roadway; fill holes, pref- 
erably with good earth; cover stretches of sand with clay and gravel; drain 
wet places in the roadway; scrape off and outwards sod margins where they 
hold the water with sand or gravel; but the gravel should not contain any 
clay unless it is to be placed on sand. Culverts may be repaired or new 
culverts put in. Road drags (of planks or split logs) should be made and 
arrangements perfected for using them after rains, throughout the season 
on all clay or loamy soils. Don’t try to do too much. Don’t start more 
than you can finish. You cannot build a macadam road, nor very long 
stretches of gravel road in one day. Don’t haul gravel on to roads that 
have not been properly graded and drained. Don’t grade roads that have 
not been properly staked out on correct lines. Don’t plow long stretches of 
road and leave them impassable. Don’t scrape sods on to the traveled road- 
way and leave them for passing vehicles to smooth down. 

Write the Department of Education at Raleigh for its Bulletin on Civic 
Days and the Geological Survey at Chapel Hill for its publications on good 
roads. 


2. For Improving Schoolhouses and Grounds. 


Let the women give the interior of the building a “Fall cleaning.” Fresh 
rooms, clean windows, polished stoves, simple, well kept furnishings, and 
pretty pictures on the walls promote neatness and a love of the beautiful in 


GOVERNOR ORAIG ON HAW CREEK ROAD, BUNCOMBE CoUNTY, HANDLING SCRAPER. THE ROAD AT THIS POINT WAS CHANGED FOR 75 
YARDS, ELIMINATING A VERY STEEP HILL, NOVEMBER 5 AND 6, 1913, 


2 


16 CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


the pupils. Let the men put the exterior of the building in complete repair, 
making the house thoroughly comfortable for the severe winter months. 
Both men and women may clean and beautify the grounds. 

If the school grounds are unsightly, with fences half down, no walks, 
ashes scattered around and no trees planted, steps gone, or window glass 
out; if the building needs a new roof or painting, set to work to remedy ‘these 
conditions. If only a beginning can be made in doing the many things 
that need to be done, make the beginning. Follow it up with a petition to 
the school committee and formulate a definite plan for future improvement. 
Such a plan in two or three years will result in the complete transformation 
of grounds and buildings. Write the Department of Hducation, Raleigh, 
N. C., for its Bulletin on Plans for Public Schoolhouses and School Grounds, 


' and read the articles on Schools in Section VI of this pamphlet. 


3. For Similar Work in Improving Churches and Burying Grounds. 


If the country church is to be an uplifting power, the church building 
must not be allowed to suffer neglect and offer evidences of decay. The 
appearance of the grounds and exterior and the comfort and attractiveness 
of the interior have much to do with the influence upon the finer life of 
the community. 

Has there been a church “clean up” day this year? Have the leaves been . 
raked away, the walks graveled, the steps mended, the stove polished, the 
lamps thoroughly cleaned? And have vines and shrubs been placed in the 
adjoining “City of the Dead’? Dr. S. A. Knapp used to say that many of 
our Southern country burying-grounds look as if they didn’t believe in a 
resurrection. 


4. For Planting Trees, Shrubs, Vines, and Flowers in School and Chureh 
Grounds, Parks, and Public Places and Along Roads and Streets. 

While the men are improving the roads and buildings, let the women and 
children devote their attention to this special work. 

Through the ‘codperation of the women of Southern Pines with the 
principal of the high school there, an Arbor Day Celebration was recently 
planned and carried out with gratifying success. In the morning many 
shade trees and ornamental shrubs were planted over the school grounds, 
markedly improving its appearance. The afternoon was devoted to Arbor 
Day exercises in the auditorium in which all the pupils took part. 

A day or even part of a day spent in this way is vitally interesting to the 
children, and is thoroughly enjoyed by the patrons of the school. The 
grounds can be greatly improved at little cost while the children will be 
taught to appreciate the beauties of nature around them. Other public 
places can be improved in the same way. 

Under the subjects “Arbor Day” and “Tree Planting’ in Section VI of this: 
bulletin, a suggested Arbor Day program, which can be modified to suit condi- 
tions by those in charge, and instructions for planting are given. These . 
should be followed as closely as the weather and other conditions will permit. 
Full instructions for planting can be secured by writing the State Geologist, 
Chapel Hill, N. C., for a copy of a bulletin entitled “Shade Trees for North 
Carolina.” 


“UncLH SAM,” “COLUMBIA,” AND THE UNIVERSITY SUMMER SCHOOL STruDENTS SALUTING FuaG, Juuy 4, 1912, 


18 COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


5. For Flag Raising. 

At some suitable time in the day, let the stars and stripes, the flag of our 
Union, be raised, the entire assemblage of the people standing and saluting 
the flag. 

If the local school has no flag, let this be the occasion for securing one and 
raising it formally for the first time. Make a feature of this event. Sing 
“America,” “The Star Spangled Banner,” “Columbia,” ‘The Old North State,” 
and other patriotic songs.. “Uncle Sam” and “Columbia” in costume will add 
to the attractiveness of the event. If there is a local band, let it lead the 
procession around the flag and play patriotic airs. 


6. For Singing Party, or Other Social Features at Night. 


The hour devoted to this part of the program may be occupied in varied 
ways. Games (as suggested in Section VI) may be played. Fairy tales, 
Uncle Remus and animal stories, myths of ancient and mediaeval times, and 
stories illustrating the adventures and heroism of North Carolinians and 
Americans of the early days, may be made to do good service here. The 
school or public library may be drawn upon for the material and frequently 
a little child will tell the story better than some older person. Incidents in 
North Caroina history growing out of events such as the Edenton Tea Party, 
the Battle of Alamance, the Revolution, and the Civil War, can be made the 
basis of beautiful scenes and tableaux. Read the article in Section VI on 
Historical Pageants. Stories may be followed with glee club songs, negro 
melodies, and songs of patriotism. “Suwanee River,’ “Old Black Joe,” 
“Annie Laurie,’ “The Old Oaken Bucket,” ‘Home, Sweet Home,” will find 
a response in many hearts. 


: SECTION III 


PROGRAM FOR FRIDAY—SCHOOL AND NEIGHBORHOOD 
IMPROVEMENT DAY 


(“North Carolina Day’’) 


The meeting for Friday should be an all day meeting at every school house, 
for everybody—men and women, boys and girls, young and old, married and 
single—with public picnic dinner.. This day will be observed as “North 
Carolina Day” in every school in the State by order of the State Department 
of Hducation. In every case the school house should be decorated with 
autumn leaves and flowers of all kinds, and with exhibits of farm products 
—corn, cotton, pumpkins, etc. Let everything radiate cheerfulness and the 
holiday spirit. 


MORNING SESSION 
1. Preliminary and Permanent Organization. 


The meeting should be called to order by the Chairman of the local school 
committee. After devotional exercises, including -singing, should follow a 
brief statement of the purpose of the meeting, the chairman welcoming the 
people of the community to their schoolhouse. Then elect a permanent 
chairman and secretary. 


2. Report of Community Survey on Questions of Progress. 


Directions for making this survey (see Section I) have been sent to 
local committees and it is hoped that a report will be ready in each school 
district. The committee should have designated some suitable person to 
present in a clear, understandable way this report and comment on all the 
striking facts brought out by it. Are too few newspapers taken? Do too 
few farmers belong to a farmers’ organization? Is the church membership 
too small? Have most farmers pure bred cattle, hogs, and poultry? Are 
the farms self-supporting? Are conditions good with regard to telephones, 
rural mail delivery, water supply, screened and painted houses, etc.? Is the 
percentage of farm tenancy high? These and a score of other pertinent ques- 
tions will suggest themselves in considering the report. 


3. Discussion of Some of the Vital Community Needs Revealed by the Facts 
of the Reports. 


Two or more of the most intelligent citizens of the community—men or 
women or both—should be previously selected by the local committee, fur- 
nished beforehand with a summary of the survey, and notified that they 
will be expected to lead this discussion in talks not exceeding seven minutes 
each. 

Song: “Ho! For Carolina.” 


20 COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


4, Discussion of Plans for Improvement of the Community School. 
(a) School Term. 

Length of it? Is it long enough? How can it be lengthened? The 
average length of school term in the United States is 156 days; in the South 
Atlantic States, 131 days; in North Carolina, white, 113.6 days. In North 
Carolina (1913) city districts the term was, white, 169.5 days; in our country 
districts, white, 102.4 days; in rural special tax districts, white, 135 days, 
How does your local school term compare with these averages? 


(b) Teachers. — 
You know the number of teachers in your school. How many classes or 


grades are there, and how many daily recitations? Can one teacher hope to 
teach with thoroughness and efficiency all the subjects and classes re- 
quired and necessary for the seven elementary grades in your district? Has 
your school enough teachers to gtve the time needed for thorough work 
to the number of children and the number of recitations in the number of 
subjects taught and required? The average salary of rural teachers in North 
Carolina is $217.12; average salary of State is $248.12; average in cities, 
$396.77. What is salary of other workers in your community? How does 
your teacher’s salary compare with these averages? 


(c) Work of the Schools. 

Consider whether any part of the work and any of the studies in your 
school relate to country things, environment and occupation; give a profi- 
table and enjoyable knowledge thereof, awaken an interest therein, a love 
therefor, and afford any sort of practical preparation for efficiency in the 
work of the farm and the country home. Does your community school 
minister to the needs, cultural, social, moral, vocational, of the community 
in which it is located and by which it is maintained? Are your house, equip- 
ment, teaching force, and funds adequate for such a°school and for such 
work? 


(ad) Schoolhouses and Grounds. 

Is your schoolhouse painted? Is it properly lighted, ventilated and 
heated? Is it clean and kept so? Is it home-like and attractive within, 
with curtains, shades, well selected pictures, etc.? Is it supplied with up-to- 
date blackboards, comfortable desks, maps, library, etc.? Is there any 
auditorium for social gatherings, entertainments, public lectures, and com- 
munity meetings of various sorts? Is the house large enough? How many 
acres in school grounds? Have ample playgrounds for girls and boys been 
provided, and properly prepared and equipped with at least some simple, 
home-made apparatus? Have school grounds been properly drained, cleared 
of stumps and rubbish, laid off in walks, flower plots, etc., beautified with 
flowers, vines, trees, and shrubs? Have sanitary privies been provided, 
properly located and screened as modesty demands? Is the water supply 
sanitary and properly protected? Do pupils have individual drinking cups? 


5. Suggested Means for Supplying Your School’s Needs in Length of Term, 
Teaching Force, Work, House, Grounds, ete. 


The following remedies for any defects indicated by the foregoing ques- 
tions should be considered: 


\ 


VIEW OF WINECOFF HIGH SCHOOL CHILDREN GRAVELING THE STATESVILLE ROAD, 
- ' CABARRUS COUNTY, NOVEMBER 5 AND 6, 1913. 


Stare NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE GIRLS CLEANING CAMPUS ON NOVEMBER 5 AND 6, 
1913. 


22 CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


(a) Enlarge School District. 

By consolidation within reasonable walking distance, and by transporta- 
tion of pupils beyond walking distance, where the funds that can be made _ 
available and the facts, after careful investigation, make this practicable. 
Enlarged territory will furnish more property for taxation, more school 
population, and more community population for codperation for improve- 
ment of schools and community. 


(b) Local Tax. 

Vote local tax if necessary under section 4115 of school law, or enlarge or 
consolidate existing local tax districts under that section and thereby in- 
crease annual available funds for all purposes of school improvement. 1,600 
districts in North Carolina lengthen their school terms and improve their 
schools in other ways by voting a special local tax and raise in the aggregate 
$1,250,000.00 annually—about one-fourth of the total annual school fund of 
the entire State. 


(c) Larger Type of School. 

If possible, provide enough territory and enough money for at least a 
three-teacher school, which seems from experience the minimum type of the 
efficient rural school. (See outline for the organization and work of such 
school in Part VI, under the subject Rural Elementary School.) 


6. Other Agencies That Will Help to Supply These Needs. 


(a) Industrial Activities. 

1. Sewing and Cooking Classes for Girls. In Schools with three or more 
teachers at least one teacher can be secured with necessary training to give 
part of her time to this work. 

2. Tomato Clubs and Poultry Clubs for Girls. Corn Clubs and Pig Clubs 
for boys. The cooperation of the county farm demonstration agents and 
the agents—men and women—directing this work for State and National 
Departments of Agriculture can be easily secured by teachers. Write Sec- 
retary T. E. Browne, West Raleigh, N. C. (Director Corn Club Work); Mrs. 
Jane S. McKimmon, Raleigh, N. C. (Director Canning Club Work); Mr. J. 
D. MeVean, West Raleigh, N. C. (Director Pig Club Work); Mr. C. B. Ross, 
West Raleigh, N. C. (Director Poultry Club Work); and have these clubs 
organized in your school and community. 

3. School Demonstration Farm and School Garden. These can be operated 
under the direction of the teacher with the aid of county farm-life schools, 
and demonstration agents, county, state, and national. 

4. Bulletins. Bulletins from State and National Departments of Agricul- 
ture for aid and direction in all this work can be obtained upon application 
and should be on file in your school. 

(For such bulletins free write to State Department of Agriculture, Ra- 
leigh, N. C., and U. 8. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.) 


(b) Woman’s School Betterment Association. 

Has your school an active Betterment Association? Have the women of 
your local school district interested themselves in helping the teacher and 
the committee to improve the school by raising money to lengthen the 
term; build a better school house, or enlarge, repair, and paint the one you 
have; to clean off the school grounds and plant flowers and shrubbery there- 
on; to increase attendance; buy a new school library or add to the old one; 


LE 


 <e s 


COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 23 


to have a school garden; to buy a piano for the school; to put in new maps, 
globes and pictures; to build sanitary outhouses and properly screen them; 
to have community meetings in the school house, lectures, entertainments, 
etc.? 

If you do not have a Woman’s School Betterment Association, do you not 
think it wise to organize one to-day—NOW? Hlect a President, Vice-Presi- 
dent, Secretary and Treasurer and enroJl every woman in the district. 
Then write the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Raleigh, N. C., for 
pamphlets explaining the organization and work of the Association. 

Before you leave the school building to-day, consult the teacher and com- 
“mittee, decide upon some things you will do this fall, and set about it with- 
out delay. 

Read what one active Betterment Association has done: 


ENTERPRISE BETTERMENT ASSOCIATION. 
(Wake County, Swift Creek Township) 


1. Betterment Association re-organized. 

2. Two half days in December were spent by students, teachers, and pa- 
trons in cleaning building and grounds, and later men and boys of the com- 
munity came with wagons and teams and hauled about one hundred loads 
of litter from the woods to the school farm lands. 

3. After the first thorough cleaning of the building the windows were 
washed a second time. Magazine and reference shelves were placed in the 
advanced and intermediate rooms and these were kept well filled with new 
standard magazines and good reference books not found in the ‘school 
library. 

Throughout the term meetings were held, speeches made, extra reports sent 

to attendance officer, and notes written in the interest of compulsory attend- 
ance. 
A six months’ school term instead of the three and one-half months fur- 
nished by the county previously was the standard set by ambitious patrons of 
the school. To secure the necessary funds to so extend the term called forth 
the best efforts of the most loyal ones and resulted in the development of a 
spirit of codperation that has never been equaled in the district before. 

Two men got in their buggies, made a thorough canvass of the district, 
and worked until every patron, with one exception, pledged himself to help 
support the school. By this means a good attendance was maintained to 
the last day, while more than enough funds were provided for teachers’ 
salaries. 


4, Term lengthened fifty days. 

5. $120 cleared from school farm—three and a half acres in cotton. 

6. Gifts amounting to nearly $100. 

7. Betterment receipts for year, $709.56, raised by contributions, school 


farm, box parties, prizes won, music tuitions, etc. 


7. Concrete Illustrations. 


(Read below how various communities are actually answering satisfac- 
‘torily many of the questions asked in this program concerning the improve- 
ment of your school.) 


v 7 . 


“IOOHOG AUVINENATIY ‘ALNO0D NOSdNVG ‘ATIIAAULOY AHL JO SSVIQ DNINOOD FH, 


ce itd 


Fe rs ee HN ane Casa enero ees wen TENE 


eee nL ae ACCC CNR 


Bynes Sacto 
—_. 


COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 25 


(a) Autryville. 

Have you heard of the Autryville Elementary School in Sampson County? 
Only three years ago Autryville had a dingy, dilapidated one-room shack 
which served as schoolhouse, village auditorium, and community church. 

One or two leaders, with aid from the State Department of Education, 


- won a local tax fight. A comfortable two-room building replaced the old; 


es I~ Pert leiaS 


two live teachers came into the community; boarding pupils came in. An 
upright piano was bought and a music class was organized. Next followed 
a cooking class of twenty girls under the principal, and a class of boys in 
industrial work was directed by the assistant teacher. The new building 
is on a pretty hill; a new sand-clay road runs by the door; a tennis court 
has been laid out; and the water for the school is drawn by means of a new 
up-to-date pump. 

The people are proud of their school and are enthusiastic in its support. 
Within the past few months adjoining districts have come into the Autry- 
ville district, another room has been added to the school building, and another 
efficient teacher has been employed. From a weak one-teacher school in an 
unpainted, unattractive, unequipped, box-car school house, with a _ public 
school term of only four months, this Autryville school during the past few 
years has developed into an efficient rural elementary school employing three 
competent and well trained teachers—teaching in an attractive, modern, and 
well equipped building located on an attractive school site, with a school 
term of from seven to eight months, with the work of the school more ade: 
quately ministering to the cultural as well as the every day needs of the 
community’s children. 


{(b) Brogden School. ; 

The Brogden School, in Johnston County, is another illustration of a com- 
munity’s progress in the building up of an efficient three-teacher type of 
rural elementary school. After a long and hard fight the people carried a 


' Jocai tax, erected on an attractive site a comfortable and well equipped 


three-room building, and employed three competent teachers to do the work. 
‘Through its one or two years of High School instruction, through the teach- 
ing of practical agriculture to the boys and domestic science to the girls, this 
school is now more satisfactorily ministering to the cultural as well as the 
every day needs of the children of the community. The factions that arose 
over the voting of local tax have died down; the people are now proud of 
their school and enthusiastic in its support. This school probably has the 
largest Boys’ Corn Club in the county. 


(ce) The Thurman School. 

The Thurman School, in Craven County, represents probably the largest 
type of school consolidation with the public transportation of pupils in the 
State. Two years ago the white children in this township were attending 


school in three dingy, uncomfortable, unequipped, one-room school buildings 


erected upon small, unattractive, and shadeless spots. The people became 
convinced that under these conditions the educational needs of these. child- 
ren were not being met nor could be met. They launched one aggressive 
campaign for the voting of local tax and the consolidation of all the schools 
of the township into one central school. The election was carried by a good 
majority, an attractive three-room school building was erected upon a school 


_ site of seventeen acres, three school wagons were bought, and about seventy 


‘KINHOD NotAVEO ‘TOOHOS Nvwiidiij—Notivdi10sNo09 ToOHOS AVINGNGITY Ivtoay do dtaNvXy VNIITOUVO HLHON V 


fee Prema 


CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 27 


children living too far to walk now ride to one central school. The school 
began with two teachers. This year they have a competent male principal 


- and a competent assistant. The principal has bought a farm near the school 


and intends becoming a permanent resident, giving to the community, the 
year round, the benefit of his leadership in all matters pertaining to its 
fullest development industrially, socially, and morally. The question of 
adding another teacher is now being discussed and this may be done before 
the close of the session. With this male principal who loves country life 
and understands practical agriculture, with this school site of seventeen 
acres, the boys in Thurman School are going to.have a rare opportunity 
for regular, systematic, and valuable instruction in country life subjects. 
It is probable that the girls also in this school are going to be given systema- 
tic training in cooking, sewing, in home-making and home-keeping. By 
enlarging their territory they now have the taxable property and the people 
to develop a type of rural elementary school that is very efficient in meeting 
the needs of the children of the entire township. It is not surprising that 
the people are enthusiastic over their school and that it is becoming an 
object lesson for the rural communities throughout the entire county. 


AFTERNOON DISCUSSION—OTHER NEEDS OF OUR COMMUNITY 
1. Are Our Roads What They Should Be? 


What is your mud tax? To carry a ton one mile by sea costs one-tenth of 
a cent; by railroad one cent. To haul a ton over good roads costs seven 
cents a mile; over ordinary country roads 25 cents a mile. Mud tax and 
hill-climbing tolls therefore, amount to 18 cents a mile. Consider the condi- 
tion of your roads in February and other rainy seasons. Of what material 
can good roads best be constructed? Don’t depend on expensive macadam, 
but try gravel or sand-clay. And by all means make provision for dragging 
the roads. The drag is the cheapest good roads maker ever invented. If 
you have already built roads, don’t forget that it is just as important to 
maintain them as to build them. 

Look up the road table in Section V and send for free road bulletins to 
Dr. J. H. Pratt, Chapel Hill, N. C., and National Department of Agriculture, 
Washington, D. C. 


2. Are Our Farmers Co-operating as They Should? 


Consider here (a) the use of improved machinery; (b) marketing of 
staple crops, vegetables, poultry, dairy products, etc.; (c) rural telephones 


and cooperative insurance. Read the following story how the farmers 


around Chadbourn cooperated: 

“The members of Broadway Farmers’ Union, No. 1,089, have been doing 
things this year. We have bought for cash $1,850 worth of fertilizers, a 
threshing outfit at a cost of $750, a lime and fertilizer distributer, and have 
bought together what grain we had to buy. Two of our members own a 
manure spreader and two other members own a wheat drill. They all four 
use the two machines. Therefore each man gets the use of these two ma- 
chines at one-fourth the cost of each man owning a separate machine. We 
also have several binders in our local, each owned by two or more indivi- 
duals, and several mowers and rakes owned in the same way. Five own a 
stalk-cutter, and five own a steel roller.” 


28 CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


Why shouldn’t farmers in your community do likewise? Why shouldn’t 
they join together in marketing their cotton or tobacco in the fall, and in 
marketing vegetables, fruit, poultry, eggs, etc., at all seasons of the year? 
Start a movement for a farmers’ codperative telephone company. Then read 
the report of a farmers’ mutual fire insurance company in Section VI and 
see whether your people are justified in risking ruin by fire when protection 
may be had at such low cost. 


3. How Can We Make Our Community Healthier? 


Are sanitary conditions in the community what they should be? Are 
wells in places where they can be affected by drainage from stables, pig 
pens, etc.? Do the people allow stagnant water near their houses as breeding 
places for mosquitoes, leading to chills and fever? Have the children been 
examined for hookworm disease? Are the homes screened? Has typhoid 
fever visited the community this year? Swiss mothers nurse only 46 cases 
of typhoid fever in every 100,000 of population; German mothers, 63; Scotch, 
96; mothers in our Southern States have to nurse 727 cases of typhoid fever 
in every 100,000 of population. Have you asked the State Board of Health 
to send you the monthly Health Bulletin? Ask Dr. W. S. Rankin, Secretary, 
Raleigh, N. C., to put your names on the regular mailing list. 

See also articles in Section VI under the subjects Public Health and Whole- 
Time Health Officers. 


4, What Is Our Community Doing to Teach Adults to Read and Write? 


In table I in Section V statistics are given showing the number of white 
persons per hundred in your county above ten years of age who cannot read 
and write. In Rowan County, Kentucky, in 1911, schools were opened for 
adults on moonlight nights. The teachers of the regular schools volunteered 
their services. In 1912 one thousand six hundred of the grown people in 
the county were enrolled. The movement extended to eight neighboring 
counties and the attidue of the whole section toward schools was changed. 

Night schools, lectures, libraries, and reading rooms help-tremendously in 
continuing the education of those who were unable to secure much schooling 
when they were children. Are you adopting any of these means in your 
community for the teaching of all the people? 

Read the article on Moonlight Schools in Section VI. It contains most 
interesting facts. 


5. How Can We Better Encourage the Reading Habit Among Our People? 


Consider whether your school library is what it ought to bé, and whether 
you have added a supplemental library. Read in Section VI what was done 
in the school library at Bunn, N. C. It has frequently been urged that 
every one-horse farmer should spend $5 a year for newspapers, and $5 for 
books; a two-horse farmer $10 for newspapers and $10 for books, and a 
three-horse farmer $15 for each. Are your people doing this? Are the 
older people reading your library books? Why not have the children ex- 
change books and magazines at school each Friday? A traveling library 
from the State Library Commission, Raleigh, will be a great help. Also 
write Fourth Assistant Postmaster General, Washington, D. C., for informa- 


CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 29 


tion as to how to get a R. F. D. route if you haven’t one, for daily mail will 
do much to promote reading among all classes. 


6. How Can We Develop a Richer Social Life and Recreation Facilities, a 
Greater “Get-together” Spirit Among Our People? 


People should get together more. See in section VI, games and songs for 
informal meetings suggested by Dr. Wyche. Every town and every school 
should have its playgrounds, and boys should have neighborhood baseball 
clubs, etc. Singing schools should be encouraged; plays and pageants also. 
In every school there should be frequent spelling, declamation and debating 
contests by boys and girls, and a neighborhood debating society for all. Hach 
school should also utilize the extension lectures from the University, A. and 
“M. College, and the various other colleges of the State; also from the State 
Departments of Education, Health, Agriculture, etc. Many of these are illus- 

trated lectures.. Henry 8. Curtis in “Play and Recreation in the Open Coun- 
; try” suggests the following monthly program: 


First Friday of each month: singing school. 

Second Friday: spelling match. 

Third Friday: debate. 

Fourth Friday: school exhibition and fair. 

Every Wednesday night: a public lecture. 

Thursday nights: classes in domestic economy and agriculture followed 
by lunch and games. < 

Saturday night: moving pictures. 


7, Appointment of Committees to Act and Report Later. 

After discussing all these matters let the people decide upon a few—not too 
many—about which they wish to inaugurate improvements right away. It 
may be with regard to consolidating districts so as to get a stronger com- 
munity unit, develop a genuine social center, and give better support to all 
social agencies. It may be with regard to some definite plan for getting 
better roads or streets. It may be a moonlight school. It may be to get a 
better school or town library. It may be to organize a cooperative telephone 
association. And soon. In every case name a definite committee of three or 
five persons who will take charge of that particular task with a determination 
to make it a success. It is suggested that at least two definite committees 
be appointed: f 


(a) “Committee on School Improvement.” = 
(0) “Committee on Community Improvement.” 


8. Adjourn to Some Later Date to Hear Reports of Committees Just 
Indicated. 


9. Games, Sports, Sengs, Plays, and Social Features for Afternoon and 
Evening. 


A night session may be arranged with social features as indicated in part 
6 of Section II of this Bulletin; or for a further discussion of the subjects 
indicated here; or for a lecture or address by some invited speaker. 

(Close with “Home, Sweet Home” sung by all present.) 


SECTION IV 
PROGRAM FOR SATURDAY—COUNTY PROGRESS DAY 


The object of the County Meeting on Saturday is to bring everybody in 
the county together at the county seat for a free, informal discussion of the 
needs and possibilities of the county. The purpose is to help forward all 
movements for the county’s advancement and development. The surveys 
which have been made beforehand in the school districts, with the various 
resolutions adopted at the school meetings on Friday, should be collected by 
the Committee in charge of the Saturday’s meeting and made the basis of a 
large part of the discussions. 


1. Preliminary Organization. : 


The meeting should be called to order at 10:30 o’clock by the Chairman 
of the County Committee. 

Elect a permanent Chairman and Secretary. If the results of this meeting 
are to be of real value, a definite organization should be perfected and com- 
mittees put to work to continue investigations throughout the year. 


2. Summary of Surveys From all School Districts. 


The Committee in charge of the work in the county should arrange to 
have the surveys which have been made in the various school districts 
summarized for use in this special meeting. 


3 What the Figures Show as to Where Our County Leads and Where it Lags. 


At this point a twenty minutes address by the strongest available man in 
the county should be made on the basis of the facts set forth in Section V of 
this bulletin and as found in the surveys from the various school districts 
of the county. A chart showing in heavy black letters the county’s relative 
standing should also be prepared in advance from the tables assembled in 
Section V. 


4. <A General Discussion of “What Our County Most Needs.” 


Five minute talks on each of the following subjects or as many as may be 
selected by the County Committee: 


(a) A Six Months School Term. 

North Carolina has increased the statutory limits of its school term from 
four to six months. This is a significant step. It means more money and 
a broader outlook on life for the children who take advantage of the extra 
40 days of “‘schoolin’” per year. 

The United States Bureau of Education puts it this way: The man who 
has had little or no schooling usually does unskilled labor and has an earning 
capacity of $300 to $450 per year. In the course of 40 years he earns be- 
tween $12,000 and $18,000. The man who has completed the grammar 
grades has an average yearly earning capacity of from $400 to $600. His © 


COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 31 


total earnings for 40 years are between $16,000 and $24,000. The man who 
has completed the high school course earns $1,000 annually. His total for 
40 years is $40,000. 

That is, for each day he has attended school he has increased his total 
earning power. In other words he has invested something. During the 
12 years required to complete the course (2,200 days) he has invested that 
which has increased his earning power from $22,000 to $28,000 more than 
-if he had had “no schoolin’.” 

Isn’t it pretty good business if a school boy can “lay up” $10 daily while 
in school? These are averages made up from statistics, and of course there 
are exceptions to the rule. By adding 40 days per year to the term, think 
what a tremendous “capital” North Carolina is setting aside for her boys 
and girls! 

See the table in Section V showing how your county ranks in amount spent 
for education per $1,000 worth of property. 


(b) Do We Need a Farm Demonstration Agent? 

(This question may be omitted if you have a Demonstration Agent.) 

The farm demonstration agent in North Carolina is rapidly becoming re- 
cognized as a foremost factor in rural progress. The actual demonstration of 
increased yields, through proper crop rotation, through planting of cover 
crops, through the adoption of scientific farming, carries conviction where 
printed reports and instructions would fail. “Things seen are mightier 
than things heard.” See in Section V the average yields made under 
demonstration methods in various North Carolina counties as compared with 
yields made under ordinary methods. 

In Caldwell County, 3,000 acres of crimson clover have been sown this 
fall as a result of the campaign carried on by the farm demonstrator. 
Proper cultures have been supplied, and clover, during the winter, is laying 
up the nitrogen supply for the summer crop. 

The carrying out of a successful drainage project has been one of the 
means by which the agent in Henderson County has shown his value to 
the county. In Wake County the Demonstration is chiefly responsible for 
the record-breaking enrollment in Boys’ Corn Clubs. 

In still other counties poultry raising, dairy farming, codperative market- 
ing, corn and tomato clubs, and other special activities have been featured 
and everywhere the result has been worth while. 

See the list of counties having agents in Section V. Is your county in 
the list? If not, write State Agent, Farm Demonstration Work, Raleigh, and 
ask how to get in. 


‘(e) Do We Need a Better Road System? 

The distance between Chapel Hill and Durham, by the public road, is 
twelve miles. In March, 1899, the editor of this Bulletin made the distance 
in a single buggy in three hours and a half. One of the incidents of the 
_ trip was a mire down and the breaking of the singletree. 

In 1906 Durham County macadamized eight of the twelve miles. Orange 
has just completed a perfect sand-clay road for the remaining four miles. 
It has also raised the bridge over the creek twenty feet. 

What has been the result? In September of this year the editor with 
half a dozen other passengers in a regular auto-transfer car made the 


‘NOWNIMOW ‘§ ANVE ‘SAT LO NOMOTIIG THL ALAN] ‘NOILVALSNOWAIG AAI YNINNVO VNIIOUVO HLAION V 


COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 338 


identical trip in-thirty-five minutes and passed a two horse wagon carrying 
a cord and a half of pine wood to Durham. 

Special taxes and a $250,000 bond issue effected this and made possible 
complete road systems for both counties. 

Look up your county’s ranking in good road mileage as given in the 
special table on Roads in Section V. If that is poor, write the Geologicai 
Survey, Chapel Hill, N. C., for copies of its publications on good roads, and 
start to work for a complete county road system. Such a system pays! 


(d) Do We Need a County Fair? 

The Progressive Farmer puts it this way: ‘Resolve now.that you will 
have a county fair every fall. One great trouble about country life hereto- 
fore has been that there has not been adequate public recognition of the 
men and women who have done extraordinary work. It will give a new 
impetus to all lines of progress in your county to have an annual fair that 
will give distinct recognition to the man who has made the best corn yield 
in the county; to the man who has made the best cotton yield or tobacco 
yield or peanut yield; to the man who has bred up the best variety of corn 
or tobacco or cotton or peanuts; to the man who exhibits the best breed of 
hogs or cattle or sheep; to the woman who exhibits the best bread or cannea 
goods or fancy work or poultry; to the school that reports the best work in 
agriculture; to the boy who makes the best record in the Corn Club work; 
to the girl who makes the best report in the Tomato Clubs, etc., etc.” 

Read the article “$100 and a Few Ribbons Made a Successful Local Fair” 
in Section VI of this Bulletin, and the article “Let the County Recognize 
and Honor Public Service.” 


(e) Do We Need a County School Commencement? :! 

This year 41 North Carolina counties held county commencements in 
which 75,000 school children participated in parades, exhibits, athletic con- 
tests, and other events, and at which 2,500 received certificates for the com- 
pletion of the seven elementary grades. 


The effect of this movement has been tremendous in awakening the educa- 


tional consciousness of the counties. They have stimulated county pride, 


school spirit, community rivalry,.and above all things else, they have given 
incentive to the school children to remain in school until the high school 
at least is reached. 

Has your county witnessed the parade of all its school children down the 
main street, heard the bands playing, seen the flags flying, caught the light 
of inspiration on the faces of the leaders of tomorrow? If it has, the ques- 
tion of school taxes will hereafter cease to be a bugbear. If it has not, get 


_ in line for 1915. Join the 60 counties of the 100 already planning for this 


splendid county event. You will find details in Section VI under the subject 
County Commencements. 


(f) Greater Community of Interest and Co-operation Between County and Town. 

City boards of trade are rapidly seeing a new light. They are ceasing to 
be selfishly concerned with city projects alone, such as more factories and 
great “white ways” mainly. Their inspiring, new purpose is the welfare of 
the surrounding trade territory—the making of each town the center of a 
prosperous rural section. 


‘ 


2 


34 COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


Up-to-date chambers of commerce are becoming county-wide organizations. 
Farmers from every district are represented in them. Everything in the 
town is thrown open to the county dwellers—markets, hitching grounds, 
rest-rooms, warehouses, schools, libraries, hospitals. The latch-string hangs 
on the outside. 

Charlotte and Durham have extended library privileges to the residents 
of the county. Goldsboro and Chapel Hill have rest-rooms. Gastonia recently 
entertained all the teachers of the county attending a special educational 
conference. 

What idea has your town worked out which is tying town and county 
together in mutual helpfulness? 


(g) Do We Need a Whole-Time County Health Officer? 

In matters of health we are slow to adopt the proverb “an ounce of pre- 
vention is worth a pound of cure.” We know the truth of this proverb, but 
we prefer to have whooping cough, or scarlet fever, or malaria, and then 
pay doctors’ bills, rather than employ a skilled physician whose whole time 
shall be devoted to prevent these diseases, or what is better, to see to it that 
we prevent them ourselves. 

We balk at the salary for such a county officer, and yet through failure 
of proper examination of our school children, through failure to prevent 
measles and diphtheria, through lack of knowledge as to the ways in which 


tuberculosis and typhoid are contracted, the care of infants, etc., we pay a 


hundred fold greater cost. 

And this salary is paid in dollars, in ill developed bodies and minds, in 
sickness, in suffering, and in death itself! 

The following counties think differently. They have Whole-Time Health 
Officers. As yet they are in the minority, but they have set an example for 
the majority: Buncombe, Columbus, Durham, Forsyth, Guilford, Johnston, 


Nash, New Hanover, Robeson, Rockingham, Sampson. Will your county - 


join this honor roll if not already in it? 


th) Do We Need a Whole-Time County Superintendent of Schools? 

The old time idea that any one could teach school or be a county superin- 
tendent of public instruction is decidedly out of date. The scrap heap is the 
proper and fitting place for it. The State of North Carolina maintains the 
University and a half dozen normal and training schools and the colleges of 
the State maintain educational departments, all of which give courses in 
teaching. A number of them, offer special courses in administration and 


supervision of schools for men who are to become principals, superintend- ~ 


ents, and county superintendents. The object of all this, of course, is to 
prepare men to take charge of county educational work who can devote all 
their time to it and who understand what their real work is. 

On the face of it, it would seem that the county which employs a super- 
intendent for only part time, and which employs for this job a man trained 
to do some other work, is following a plan that leads away from, rather 
than towards, a constructive educational policy for its people. 

Read in Section VI under the subject ‘Rural School Teachers,” Superinten- 
dent C. C. Wright’s plan for stimulating teachers, and see what Wilkes is 
doing under trained, efficient leadership. Rural libraries are open in 153 
schools. The salary of white teachers has increased from $20 to $39 since 
1900. Corn Club boys number 294. In 1900 only three schools had assistant 


a i Sw 


x> 


PS 


EA LESS THAN 5 PER CENT ey 15 To 26 PER cent 
[es] DECREASE Zij ©0 PER CENT AND over 
VA 6 10 16 PER CENT VY 26 +0 50 PER CENT 


NortH CAROLINA NEEDS MoRE WHITE SETTLERS IN -THE RURAL SEOTIONS. 


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vd 


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INCREASE ~ 


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Norn THE GAIN oR LOSS IN YouR CouNTY’s RURAL 
POPULATION FROM 1900 TO 1910. 


36 COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


teachers. Now there are 53, and the amount of local tax within the same 
pcriod has increased from nothing to $8,500! 

Has your county a Rural School Supervisor or Assistant County Superin- 
tendent? In Section VI under the subject “Rural School Supervisors,” you 
will find why you should have one. 


(i) Developing our Agricultural Sections by Substituting Diversification for One- 
crop Methods, by Encouraging Home-Ownership and by Getting More White 
Settlers. : 

At every county meeting the chart already mentioned should show plainly 
how the county ranks in her acre-value of crop yields; in agricultural 
wealth per capita; and in farm tenancy. It will easily be seen that in counties 
where the acres yield the most dollars, the farmers who till these acres are 
frequently among the poorest. And why? Because they do not keep these 
dollars, but send them away to buy corn, flour, hay, meat, lard, mules, etc., 
with pay and profits to half a dozen intervening middlemen, railways, etc. 
In counties that make less per acre but raise their own food and stock, the 
people are much more prosperous. See how it is in your county. 

Consider, too, the figures on farm tenancy, and remember that where 
tenancy increases, schools and churches decline, soils deteriorate, and all 
the agencies of a rich and satisfying rural civilization decay. Every county 
should seek to encourage home-ownership, and to this end taxation should 
fall lightest on lands and lots whose owners are developing and beautifying 
them, and heaviest on lands and lots held for speculation, partly or wholly 
undeveloped. 

Wherever the white population is too sparse to furnish an adequate com- 
munity life, or properly develop our resources, efforts should be made to get 
more white settlers to come and buy homes. Thousands of people have gone 
from our Western counties to Western States who should have remained in 
North Carolina; and there are thousands of thrifty, capable, sterling farmers 
in the West who would now come to help build up North Carolina if we 
should go after them. Let’s. keep our own good people and invite others. See 
map showing how our counties gained or lost in rural population in the 
last census decade, and whether your gain was large or not. Mecklenburg, 
Davidson, Durham, and other supposedly strong counties actually showed a 
decrease. 


(j) Do We Need a County Farm-Life School? 

On another page is the picture of the farm-life school. at Lowe’s Grove, 
Durham County. The assemblage of buildings is significant. It comprises 
(1) a modern school. building, (2) principal’s home and dormitory, (3) 
school farm barn, and (4) the community church. Add to this group the 
home of the country church pastor, which does not appear in the picture but 
which ig close to the church, and you have the “plant” for the building of a 
splendid permanent community civilization. 

Seventeen communities in North Carolina are operating such “plants” this 
year. Guilford County leads with three. Wake has two. One of the debat- 
ing teams from the Pleasant Garden School (Guilford) in 1913 won the 
High School Debating Union Championship. The work of the classes in 
Agriculture and Domestic Science is attracting national attention. — 

.Has your county thought of providing this agency for the building up of a 
permanent, happy, efficient, country civilization? Write State Superintendent 
Joyner for details. 


THE BEGINNINGS OF THE “PLANT aT LOWk’s GROVE FARM-LIFE SCHOOL, DURHAM CounTY. 


388 CoMMUNITY SEBYICE WEEK 


(k) Closer Co-operation of all Church and Sunday School Forces for Moral and Spir- 
itual Progress. 


Progress in these fields must rest upon three things: (1) a knowledge of 
existing conditions as determined by a survey; (2) an organized association 
uniting all interested workers in the communities and counties; and (3) 
working committees in each community. 

The most prominent association of this sort is the Greensboro Inter-Church 
Association. Read the story in the April-June, 1914 number of the Social 
Service Quarterly, published in Raleigh, or write Mr. A. W. McAlister of 
Greensboro, and learn how they made a church and Sunday School survey, ~ 
and started separate committees to work on Charities, Public Health, Amuse- 
ments, Child Welfare, Social Evil, Law and Order, Legislation. 

In the country sections the big thing for the church, in addition to its _ 
regular work, is to socialize its surrounding community, to promote the 
interest of all good movements which look to the social, moral, and spirit- 
ual uplift of the people. Read ‘The Country Church,” by Dr. L. H. Bailey, 
in Section VI. Note, too, the table in Section V showing how your county 
ranks in church membership. The figures may astonish you. 


(l) A Campaign for Tick Eradication and Developing Live Stock and Dairy Interest. 

Through a special report on cattle ticks, Texas has recently learned that 
the presence of ticks on cattle not only lessens the value of the cattle on the 
hoof, probably about a cent a pound, but reduces the average price of hides © 
three cents a pound and cuts down by a quart the quantity of milk per cow 
a day. Texas’ tribute to the tick last year for milk alone was $7,875,000, 
and North Carolina’s tribute also reached a staggering total. Ticks have 
now been exterminated from a great part of the State these last ten years, 
but many Eastern counties are still infested. Write State Department of 
Agriculture, Raleigh, for help. 

In every county, too, there is need for individual and cooperative action 
to get better breeds of cattle, hogs, and poultry. To this same end county 
fairs should be held, and pig clubs encouraged. The people in each com- 
munity should raise the same breed as far as possible and make that com- 
munity noted as a place to get Berkshires, Jerseys, Tamworths or whatever 
the breed may be. The State Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, will give 
help or advice about any form of live stock or dairy work. 

If your county has not formed codperative organizations for marketing 
live stock and dairy products, let several of its leaders read what Catawba 
County has done as told by Richard H. Shuford, of Hickory, in Bulletin No. 
8, published by the Bureau of Extension of the University at Chapel Hill. 
Last year the Catawba CoOdperative Creamery sold for its members 99,917 
pounds of butter at 30 cents per pound and 78,570 dozen eggs at 21 cents 
per dozen. 


5. Adoption of Motions and Resolutions for Progress, and Appointment of 
Committees. 


At the conclusion of the discussions, draw up and adopt resolutions favoring 
such forward movements as have met the approval of the meeting. Put the 
resolutions in writing and have them formally passed. In this form they 
can be used before the County Board of Education, County Commissioners, 
the Board of Aldermen, or may be sent to your representatives in the General 
Assembly. At the same time name a strong committee on each subject. 


ae 


COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 38 


Let these committees continue the investigations, report to further meetings 
throughout the year, and where indicated, present the resolutions adopted 
to the County Commissioners, Board of Education, Board of Aldermen, or 
other governing bodies with a view to their being put into practice. 

If permanent results are to be secured from these meetings, the work 
begun must be carried out persistently. Before you adjourn, arrange for a 
later meeting at which these committees will report. 


6. Social and Recreational Features for Afternoon and Evening. 


Several counties have held singing and fiddlers’ meetings in reeent years. 
If there is an orchestra or band at the county seat it can be put to good 
service. The local school may arrange a play or special program for the 
occasion. The Woman’s Club and the Board of Trade of the county seat 
have a splendid opportunity to play the host to the friends from the country. 

Frequently the Department of Agriculture, or the Office of Public Roads, or 
the Public Health Service of the United States, will send lecturers, with 
moving or stereopticon pictures, illustrating many vital questions. This was 
the big feature of a Rally Day held in Chapel Hill in 19138. Special educa- 
tional or other films might be secured by the committee for use in the moving 
picture halls of the town. 


: 


SECTION V 


PLAIN TRUTH ABOUT YOUR COUNTY; WHERE IT 
STANDS AND HOW IT IS MOVING 


NORTH CAROLINAS POWER TO PRODUCE FARM WEALTH 


North Carolina led the South in 1910 in the value of her cotton mill pro- 
ducts. In the United States our rank was second in this particular; and in 
the value of tobacco factory products our rank was third. 

Manufacture is a big business in North Carolina, but agriculture bulks 
still bigger. The capital invested in agriculture in the census year was 
nearly two and a half times the amount invested in manufacture; the farm 
wealth created, in crops and animal products, was nearly twice as great as 
the wealth created in the processes of manufacture; while the persons en- 
gaged in farming were nearly four times as many as the operatives in our 
mills and factories. 

Our Commissioner of Agriculture, Maj. W. A. Graham, reports that the 
farm wealth created in the State in 1913-14 amounted to $241,533,670. ' That 
is to say, the farms of North Carolina every three years create nearly as 
great wealth as the State has been able to accumulate on her tax books in 
two and a half centuries! 

Another striking comparison. The resources of all our banks, State and 
national, amounted last year to $157,128,178. But the farms of the State, 
in a single year, create wealth nearly twice as great. 

The per-acre, crop-producing power of North Carolina in 1913 was $24.84, 
and our rank was 8th among the States of the Union. 

Our advantages, in soils and seasons, put us far in the lead in the creation 
of crop wealth from year to year. In per-acre, crop-producing power, North 
Carolina outranks every one of the rich prairie States of the Middle West. 

These statements are in strict accord with the reports of the Federal 
Department of Agriculture. 


NATIVE WHITE ILLITERACY IN NORTH CAROLINA 


In 1910, our native-born white illiterates, 10 years of age and over, num- 
bered 132,189, or 12.3 per cent. Our rank among the States, in this partic- 
ular, was 46th. Louisiana and New Mexico made a poorer showing. 

Nevertheless, our white illiterates were 43,456 fewer than in 1900, and the 
per cent fell from 19.5 to 12.8. Barring only New Mexico, no other State 
in the Union made a more effective assault upon white illiteracy during the 
census period. 

Ozly 7,440 of our native white illiterates were city dwellers; while 124,552 
of them lived in the countryside. The town rate was 5 per cent, and the 
country rate, 13.5 per cent. 

Our illiterate white voters in 1910 numbered 49,710 or only 11,819 fewer 
than in Kentucky where Moonlight Schools are rapidly reducing adult 
illiteracy. 


- 


CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 41 


Illiteracy among native-born whites in the United States ranges from 
three-tenths of one per cent in Montana, North Dakota, Washington, and 
Wyoming to 12.3 per cent in North Carolina, 15 per cent in Louisiana, and 
15.5 per cent in New Mexico. x 

In North Carolina, native white illiteracy ranges from 3.2 per cent in 
New Hanover to 22.4 per cent in Mitchell County. 


1 ‘DCABIE ee 
ILLITERACY AMONG NATIVE-BORN WHITES IN NORTH CAROLINA 
- Ten years of age and over, 1910 census 
Rank Counties Per cent Rank Counties Per cent 

1 New Hanover..---------- 3.2 | 46 Caswell aes Veet. 11.6 

2 Mecklenburg.--.--------- 4.6 46 Rand oly neues tee ae 11.6 

3 Washington: ---222-< 2.4 5.9 48 enoinieese. cane nee oe 11.7 

4 Masiuotankes. 2222s ans8- 6.1 48 Transylvania.._._______- ial 

5 PErdUIMAaAnNss-~_co-=22s=—- . Wel | 50 ERY deere een ee Saran 11.6 

6 OW stereos soos bot. 13 cok Northampton.____.____- 12.0 

i redetisees: mes 2 7.5 52 OTS ON see eee te es 12.2 

8 (OMS WER 2e Re es 7.6 53 Bladensteee ese es es 12.3 

8 Wyarcseeete ce. 5. - 28 7.6 53 Rocking hamesge esse. 12.3 
10 MEU OLU Sette 2 Sects a= oo 7.8 55 RAT Oti sesame eee. 12.5 
11 lB ayy oh Ss 52 eae Bees 8.0° 55 Abihakexol baleen ey ony 12.5 
11 Girritucke oe 8.0 57 WONCS eee se Oe tee haere 12.6 
13 Brncombe22-- 2222-5. 22. 8.1 58 Ca mGeonwe ste eee ee | {OE 
14 @range ts te 22) 8.2 1 BS Ouraiy Macon. 2s. eons 58 | 12.8 
14 JCS RSCG ea ee 8.2 || 60 Davidson!ss se .2 ee 13.0 
14 WAT CG meee en geen oo feta. 8.2 60 ay WO OG =e enemas a 13.0 
HEE CONCH Sonoda so 2-2—- <2 8.3 per ovmenip Carteret. os seas eeee se 13.5 
17 Wiattetees smeeeen S222. 8.3 | 62 RO DeSOne= sas sees ee 13.5 
19 Render seece sass = =o 8 8.4 || 64 Wills ones sehen eee ne 13.8 
20 Fralitaxs see eee os 8.6 | 64 Onslow 2ieeres ae eee 13.8 
O10 MERE Ce Cree at ae 8.9 AMGLS PAIS bth at hi name 2s ap ae sea | 14.2 
22 Alamance==- seus. =. 22.2 - 9.3 li pokey FSKewray ofstov ete a LU tala | 14.3 
23 IADSOMS oe se eeu. Seeal 9.6 | 68 Cleveland2:-2 222 seeae. 14.4 
23 CGR 9 (ee os eS 9.6 68 Montgomery--.---.-.--- 14.4 
25 INcivGwelleseseeeee es oko. 9.8 70 Gaston een. Seen eee 14.5 
25 Winkcotcet. = em ou ss 9.8 71 Mar tints seater oss ssen/ 14.6 
27 Aileghany=ssasewe 8-28 10.0 Nee re Wis Genie aes etek eet tre 14.8 
28 ran villetesse ss - =< 222 10.1 73 Alexandersees eet ce 14.9 
28 WY oye pus = Maa ae 10.1 73 ER yinre nesses oer 14.9 
28 igtectelbea Voy a ve |e ete eee eee 10.1 75 Greene: 2256-09 et es 15.1 
31 CUETO i ES ee 10.2 fe} Lefasl tee ss Se rs tes eee pet 
31 TOrbLOLG eee ac sees base 10.2 ates Jacksonie sees oats 15.3 
33 CADE DApo sano -ss tae 10.6 77 INS hist ee ween e ae | 15.3 
33 ON OW ANS tee see US 10.6 77 iRmpherlordsse.teese. see | 15.3 
35 HI ondeIsONa-seces. seen 10.7 |. 80 Stanlyace cocks. sap eo | 15.4 
36 Ors Vile. bee se ee oe 10.9 81 IN afb eB a ee 15.6 
37 12) uaa Weve ares see ete Se ie 11.0 || 82 DAViCr ese sear areas 15.7 
37 Bball Oru eee eee en oe 11.0 |} 83 Burkes sree seer ro, ae 16.0 
39 Chatham. <2. 32 =. --=-2 ileal 83 JOWNSCONEs eee eee os teee 16.0 
39 Cumberland. -_---=.=--= 11.1 | 85 Bronswickes-csssecs-es 16.2 
aE Sy ii Ae EE 5S aw ERS) Toe A gS ale Aa Pace ss 16.3 
42 LW yrth (0) seers = eae ae Ser d1e3 87 Caldwell oe eee eee 16.7 
43 Hd gecomibe-.2.c2-.-- = 5 =< 11.4 88 Swaine sacs: sab ee eee 18 .0 
43 iBrankdinss. 22 so ees ee 11.4 |} 88 Visca sae ek eee re as 18.0 
45 @Wabarmrs-se. 4242-5. 3 sane 11.5 | 90 Scotland seses=c-se | 18.6 


‘ 
42 COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


Rank Counties Per cent Rank Counties Per cent 
91 Madison=:. 2253 ==oeas 18.7 94...) Yanceye. fo es eet 19.5 
92 Surry wee so es es 19.0 96 Stokes! 23 ease 20.5 
93 Cherokeéss esse) ee 19.4 Wee Bee Wilkes 2k ae 2 ees ao 21.7 
94 Columbustes-4222 see 19.5 98 Mitcheligeaan tase ees 22.4 

| 
The States At = hs ee ee a ee RE ee eee 12.3 per cent. 
ThejUnitediStated: 2222 222 35 ee saree eee se, BOL USpericente 


CHURCH MEMBERSHIP IN NORTH CAROLINA 


Church membership in North Carolina, according to the latest published 
figures of the Census Bureau, ranges from 18 per cent of the population in 
Edgecombe County to 73 per cent in Bertie. The average for the State being 
40 per cent; and our rank, seventeenth. ‘ 

In the United States church membership ranges from 18.2 per cent in 
Oklahoma to 63.3 per cent in New Mexico where more than five-sixths of the 
communicants are Catholics. In the United States 39.1 per cent of the popu- 
lation are church members. 

In 1906, the members of the various religious bodies in North Carolina 
numbered, all told, 824,385; but 679,000 people of responsible age—ten 
years of age or more—were outside the churches. In twenty counties, more 
than two-thirds, and in five counties more than three-fourths, of the popula- 
tion were non-church members. 

These figures are taken from or based on the Census of Religious Bodies, 
1906. 


TABLE II. 
CHURCH MEMBERSHIP IN NORTH CAROLINA 
Based on The Census of Religious Bodies, 1906 


Rank Counties Per cent Rank Counties Per cent. 
ih Bertie. sth) oes ee eee 73 14 Warren? —* tae see ees 52 
2 ertiordssess see ee eee 66 al Catawba fae eee, 51 
3 Northampton__--___-___- 64 19 ‘Cabarmisi2- =) 2 ess 51 
4 @howans tometer seta 63 19 Cuiliord Saeae ee ee ae 51 
5 Gates! seen aoe ee 62 22 Washingt one seeesss eee 50 
6 IPASCUOGAN Kaa a eee eee 58 22 IOWalSss8--. 25 eae 50 
7 Varicen 22287 ataeseet es? 57 22 Pialifa xat: iremee tain a 50 
8 Clevelandses-seaeeseceeee 55 22 Currituckmes 2 enone 50 
9 (Penderss eee eee seay 54 26 (ANSON Ss ses dee eee 49 
9 Camdens-sste ae yee. eee 54 26 Cravens 22 Als eee 49 

11 Mecklenburg: "2252222225 - 53 26 Daviess eee ee 49 
11 incolnces asa eae ee 53 26 Scotlgndsseee =) sane a 49 
11 Cumberlanda= sea ses 53 26 Stanly «ses. s Se 49 
14 Chatham=sseess oes seen 52 26 Tyrrell Sere cee eee 49 
14 Granvillomesssesessseoee 62 32 Tredelliecanot tesa ee ene 48 
14 Pamlicoieetesso. eae nee 52 33 ‘Transylyaniassss see 47 
14 Perquimansse-222-e== a 52 33 Bladenl2222 2 ses ss Fetes 47 


a a a | as el ae 


f 


4 


COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 43 


» Rank Counties Per cent | Rank Counties Per cent 
Gs 
33 RECON Cte ae aati see as 47 65 PORCH See eee ee ee 39 
33 Wavidsons- +. 52. 22.=22<- 47 68 Buncombess. 2-222. 0-) eae 38 
33 Migureremn ee nies Ss 47 68 Carteret..ssyes se. Sao 38 
38 ltt. 5 ee ee 46 68 Persone) Sane! ete 38 
38 PeRGersOne=. —--b <4 322 46 68 Mitchelle es cake 38 
38 AVI es meee tr tec 46 72 Montgomery--_--__-___- 37 
41 @aldwellte- 28) Use te 45 73 Melb owellict se: a ee 35 
41 Ciastone arise eels 2! ys 45 73 WEN eYop cel ess ee ees ee 35 
41 ampsonweeas 2) sees ee 45 73 Wiaymelta ease ied oly yy 35 
44 PRIOR ATGeT Ae eee. oe. 44 76 Pitted tesa tes 28 oe 34 
44 @omumipiss. 22-202 208222 44 a Caswellaze 2522s 34 
44 1D Wiis) Safe ee 44 78 @herokeesre aes 2 sais 33 
MesMiinesee. 22.2.2 52522 44 78 Clary eee reo aie Pe 33 
44 iA eG). 3 . ae a ns 44 78 Nase a2 ee Aeem et Se et 33 
New Hanover-..-__._--__- 44 78 Wiles teers sent ts Pera 33 
44 RaichinonG+-.2-.522-.52.-+ 44 82 120) eS ee SE ae ee 32 
44 RO DeSON Ss secne_ 22 oe ot 44 83 Ma disone=ssessee ee os 31 
52 1D Gi ee rh 43 | 83 Onslowsssees eee 31 
52 1D rhs) os 00 ee A Se Pe rm 43 85 Surryseee see eto Le 30 
52 PEATE bese as eo 43 85 WOBNStOmnses: meee ee est shal 30 
2 Wemiherfordsts- 5-22-2222 43 | 85 Haywoodee === = 30 
52 PeiGONee anaes ooo) ; 43 88 INE aires mere ess nee 28 
57 1 SYGPrY OW 5) orate es 42 88 Rockingha mes =] 2222-- 28 
57 mun s Wie kee = sso 22a. 2222 CUP) 90 WACKSON eee et Saas a Pal 
57 Morsytheoc-oo-. fess oso. 42 91 ral aiti eats mae eer reas 26 
60 WeOROIT ME es 41 92 Swaine ewes eee noe 25 
60 WihtBUP Ree sae et 41 93 INE) Rapes Sees eae Sea a 24 
62 Livnreye el be} noe A eae 40 || 93 Wilsona 2. See fe 24 
62 Oranges. woo sans 40 95 Stokes#2_ 80s ates 21 
62 Vek Wig eee bt ig ee 40 96 Ableghanyccee ee see 19 
65 PARANA T CONS iS. eo. 39 97 Edgecombe.-...--------- 18 
65 Ya lctnimes eee ee 39 

ACES CHL mLU Ooeeca eee seteee rea es Cera She 40.0 per cent. 

WNs@ epney UO 8 el ee he A ts Sn eee ae ee 42.3 per cent. 

menenwmibedestates, 1906: 2:2. <-- 2-22-42. sc seeecses--2 39.1 per cent. 

pLnopwaveaus bates’ 1900! .2) 5 22-22. See ae 7 2 l. 32.7 per cent. 


FARM TENANTS IN NORTH CAROLINA 


In North Carolina, more than two-fifths of our farmers are tenants, and 
more than one-third of our cultivated area is under the tenancy system. 

Moreover, our white tenants outnumber our negro tenants nearly three to 
two. With their families, the white tenants of the State make a landless, 
homeless population of 315,000 souls. The white tenants in North Carolina 
outnumber the negro tenants by 19,009; in the South, by 185,804. 

The farms cultivated by tenants in North Carolina are 42.3 per cent of the 


total; in 1880, they were 33.5 per cent. Virginia, Tennessee, and Florida 


have less tenancy farming than North Carolina; all the other Southern 
States have more. 

Tenancy in North Carolina ranges from seven-tenths of one per cent in 
Dare to 74.7 per cent in Scotland County. In thirty counties of the State, 
more than half the farmers are tenants; in four counties, more than two- 
thirds are tenants, and in Scotland County, nearly three-fourths. 


44 CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


Forty-seven counties show decreases in farm tenancy during the last census 
period, mainly in the cereals, hay and forage, live stock counties—notably 
Buncombe (10.4 per cent) and Macon (11 per cent). 

Forty-nine counties increased in tenancy during this period—notably 
Scotland (19.1 per cent). The increases occurred mainly in the cotton grow- 
ing counties. ; 

Hxcessive farm tenancy in the State is confined to the older cotton and 
tobacco growing regions along the Virginia border, to the eastern and north- 
eastern counties, and to the newer cotton counties bordering South Carolina. 

Excessive farm tenancy means, for the most part, a one-crop, supply-mer- 
chant, farm civilization. It retards the diversification of crops and the 
development of live stock industries. Usually it is marked by a deficiency in 
home-raised food and feed stuffs, and the slow accumulation of farm wealth. 
It diverts attention from public health and sanitation. It delays farm or- 
ganization and cooperative farm enterprise. It imperils schools and churches, 
law and order. 


TABLE III. 
FARM TENANTS IN NORTH CAROLINA 
1910 Census 


Rank Counties Percent || Rank | Counties Per cent 
(The Statess ==. ee 42.3 || 34 Swalns.>. 2 eee eee 30.4 

104) 4 Darel ote ees eee | a HW aaO sat EAC One -25eee meme eee 30.8 
2 *Alleghany=s---sese oes eoe 15.1 BO, gt Ge SULT Ye soc a ne eee 30.9 
Bir tAShe faeces a eeee ene 16.1 37 Sampsons-c--sse-sesee- 33.2 
4 *Penderoes eae eee 16.5 | 38 F Yancey hese aes soe mente 33.4 
4 Columpbusts 22. ssesas2 | 16.5 39 *Washington .-- oo eos 33.5 
6 Brunswicks-sse2sse= eee | 17.5 40 Wei aeC lay arenes beeen ana 33.7 
7 Watauga_+---.- Jas ee 17.7 41 Onslows.2 2 34.1. 
8 *Bladenzess score seseeeeee 18.4 42 Harmettcsss:s2o2-o sees 34.8 
i) *Mitchells2 0 ses ene 19.0 43 Stanly22 = - oe eae 34.9 
10tuan koand olp iss asa 20.9 | 44 *Cherokee___.2222-222-22 85 2 
11 *Hendersonates 2222 ee | 21.3 45 Curritucke 2 -stese ses 36.2 
12 PAlexanderessss=sres eee 21.6 46 *Montgomery_222es2s22 36.6 
13 Carteretheee eee eee 22.0 47 *Orangesto 2) see 37.0 
13 *Davidsonl =. 2 Saeee a4 22 .0 48 Dap lint= te ose eee 37.1 
15 | *New Hanover..:.......- 23.1 aod ve | S Chowan si anceteneat ws 37.1 
16 “Rransylvanigesssssessos> ; 23.3 i 00) 4 eezccasen ot oe Lee 37.3 
17 Pamlico: sen 22a 23.7 51 Cravens cess. 37.6 
18 Caldwelltsetie ess) 24.1 Wenn 02 *ROwatecsooosseac see 37.8 
19 ‘Jacksons ee ese ee 24.9 hoe 53 “Hay wOOd se sess l ere 38.4 
20 Pe WalkGaleree eaeeeuenewe 25.1 ||. -.B4 Cumberland__-_-.-.___- 39.2 
hick "Moore 2 1ee aeeeeS | 25.5 || 85 | *Chatham_./._.-._-.2. 39.3 
22 MOTs ythive Soe ee nee 25.9 | 56 *Iredell 2eg228 wekjck ele. 39.5 
23 *Buncombe. eee 26.9 || 87 *Lincoln. 2 sqeeene eee 41.5 
24 Pa *Graham ses caeeens see 27.1 | 68 Poll ATR sae ees 42.3 
25 ¥Crailford eee eee een 21 59 McDowellc 2 ie 42.8 
25 *Madison:toeaaelteleeee 27.3 Il po OO! Mise 1) a vieen are cate oe eee 43 .0 
OF meal Sad kines enon mene 27.3 HeckOLS Sie Mcrrtin eee eee 44.0 
28 *Catawbas cease ees mee! 62 Bertleseuse sae ap mee eee 45 .9 
29 * Burke: «we eas 28.1 ) 68 Rutherforditessesseeene 46.1 
30 *Ga teste erin. «uae ee 28 .2 64 Johnstone: ose 47.4 
31 “Alamance 28 257 seesen es 28 .3 65 *Stokest ul Malem 47.8 
32 iBeauforttc mon eee u 28.4 | 66 | Pasquotank_..._.._.__- 48.1 
33 EL yrre lees ae Sheena eee | 28.9 G7 oie berauimans: 21 esecess 49.2 


COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 45 


Rank Counties Per cent Rank Counties Per cent 
68 Ceast ones een ee 49.8 Wen G4ea lt VaniCes ssa ee. oak 59 .2 
69 @levelandz:22 2. o. 2. 50.6 85 (Perso linen nas aan sent 59.9 
70 BU Kos 5 at a SS a lar 51.8 86 TENS gee ee Sa saat 62.1 
7t miGaTiCenier tt oe | Path | 87 Winy Tew semen. SEeeh A! 62.2 
72 BLOpesONar teases ae. S 54.2 | gg ATISOT eee see bees F 63.6 
73 ETC 2 ApS Se ee 54.3 89 lsiliviGee, 5 eee ees 64 .2 
74 (Hierptord 22222. 2-- 2 22022 54.4 | 89 Mecklenburg----------- 64.2 
75 *Rockingham-—.-..°-_-s.. 54.5 he & 90 ferankligy sees eee ee 64.6 
76 RVC AITED Seto. sobs oe 54.8 | 92 VONCH At se arses 2 64.9 
77 (anainises.2 onto ceo c oo 56.0 92 Pheer eens Mie ge Sa 64.9 
78 pCeamwellecs no. 2S 56 .2 94 en Ole eee ns eet 65.8 
fame Durham. -.:-......:-..- 56.5 | 95 Wilsome ease tous) oko S. 69.1 
80 (O:Cos Yoo: eG Se a 56.8 |. 96 Greené:s-2--<2. ae he i 72.0 
80 Northampton-_.--______- 56.8 97 Idgecombe-2--2-------- 72.8 
82 Reebmond 2257 22 22 8 57.0 ML OSmnierccotland lease seo. 2.5 74.7 
83 AEST 5 ah ot | CR ee GY AnG 


The asterisk (*) indicates a decrease in farm tenancy during the last census period. Hach county 
not so marked shows an increase in tenancy. 


PER CAPITA WEALTH OF COUNTRY POPULATIONS IN NORTH 
CAROLINA 


The accumulated wealth of a community is the material basis of well-being 
and progress. Upon it depends the self-sustaining, self-protecting, self- 
elevating ability of the community. 

Improved public highways, attention to public health and sanitation, 
home comforts, conveniences and luxuries, well equipped farms with suffi- 
cient operating capital are distinctly related to it. It is the source of 
support for schools and churches, law and order. 

What material basis, then, has the country civilization of North Carolina. 
Is it meagre or abundant? Sufficient or insufficient? 

The accumulated farm wealth of the State, in the census year—land, build- 
ings, implements and domestic animals—amounted to $537,716,210. The 
country dwellers—outside all incorporated towns of every size—were 1,669,- 
331. 

Upon this basis, the per capita wealth of our countryside population in 
North Carolina in 1910 was $322. 

Calculated in the same way, the per capita wealth of the farm population 
in the United States in the census year was $994; in Illinois, $2,655; in Iowa, 
$3,386; in McLean County, Illinois, $3,685. 

And yet North Carolina produced far greater crop aha per acre in 
1913 than Iowa or Illinois or even McLean County, Illinois, one of the 
banner agricultural counties of the United States—$24.84 against $17.01 in 
Iowa, $14.87 in Illinois, and $18.00 in McLean County. 

We create greater crop values per acre, while they accumulate greater 
wealth; mainly because theirs is a many-crop, live-stock, ownership system 
of farming. 

The per capita wealth of country populations in North Carolina ranges 
from $45.00 in Dare, to $560.00 in Alleghany. 


46 


. 


COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


Alleghany was at the bottom of the list in 1910 in per-acre crop-producing 
power; but at the head of the list in per capita wealth—mainly because the 
Alleghany farmers, as a rule, own the farms they till and till the farms they 
own; raise food and feed stuffs in abundance, with surpluses to market; and 
market their surpluses on four legs instead of four wheels. 

It is a type of farming that must become general in North Carolina and 
the South, if our country population achieves permanent prosperity. 

The per capita wealth of the country populations of the South in 1910 was 


as follows: 


| 
Rank State Amount ~ || Rank State Amount 
! 
1 Oklahoma 2222s eeeeeeee $ 829 8 Georgias= 22 22a $ 325 
2 Texagicc vat Su, Sues See 821 9 Arkansags 7) a4 sere 324 
3 Kentuckyees sss ee 500 10 North Carolina___-.___- 322 
4 South’ @grolinas---2-5- 2s 449 11 Hloride =e 321 
5 WVirginiasiee eta en oe 424 12 Mississippiiesssss= eee 302 
6 ‘Tennessee se ae 380 13 Louisiana.._------------ 286 
7 West Virginia_---........- 365 14 Alabama se-enteeeeee 230 
‘The United: States 2 222. ooo ee ee eee eee $ 994 
TUinoig:2 2 Ae eS ee a ee Ee eT eS 2,655 
LOW as ae es So Secs a ee eee a ee, Galen tad ee ee 3,386 
McLean: County, lin oishe 2: e522 0 ee ee eee Sees 3,685 
TABLE IV. 
PHR CAPITA WEALTH OF COUNTRY POPULATIONS IN NORTH 
CAROLINA 


States, $994. 


Based on the 1910 Census 
The State, $322 (whites alone, $395; negroes alone, $158). 


The United 


P Per Capita | 5 Per Capita 
Rank Counties Wealth Rank Counties Wealth 
| 

1 Alleghany 222-22s22—eee ss $ 560 21 Hlorsy theese e eee ee $ 333 
2 Seotland == es 466 22 JOnTSt Ones se ee 330 
3 Mecklenburg-.-..-__--___- 456 23 Sampsonets eee soca 329 
4 Davidson sees ane 449 23 GCurrttuckies-2 ose ae 329 
5 Buncombe: ste 439 25 HMertiords sess. eee 322 
CUP tA sHiodiay 0s yh - Reb Ie ey 425 26:1 *| Vancey-t-k2 bubs oes 318 
7 Greeneias. ae ee 388 27 Yiadicinek 225s a ee 314 
8 Gen oir. 228 ees 386 28 Cumberland_-.----.-2-._ 313 
9 Cleveland =3.aeee ere 385 29 Polk ee 2 cl ee eee 305 
10 Waynersiss eet age 381 30 Camden tts eee 303 
11 Wilson 25ers 8 ot ee ia 377 31 Gatésvtct 95 itee eeeee 302 
11 Lredells foe ee ao ees gue 377 32 Transylvanias.-.2--sac2 301 
13 Hendérson=.- oe: =s- eee 370 33 Hiyide-eaee2 ee eee 300 
14 Hdgecombes2- eee 363 33 Union¥sssss. oes wee 300 
14 Wstalchteor Sn eee ey 363 35 Guilford hl 4a 299 
16 Robeson sce. tare ee 355 36 Alexanderc2 2222 eactes 294 
17 Pasquotankssss:ste-25-oe 351 37 Ruthertord.ss: ce asenaae 293 
18 Catawbae=-=-e-e eee 349 38 Haywood sss: were 291 
19 @abarrus2 asses es 348 38 Tinedlnt2- eee 291 
20 Pittwhee ees eee 341 40 Caldwellst rere es 290 


COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 47 
A Per Capita ; Per Capita 
Counties Wealth Rank Counties me 
CHE eae ree 288 70 Pendens ste seen 229 
how nnmiees Shs i ee Fo 172 287 71 BPranklin==-s 2 227 
Wavigwerisess sshie2 286 72 idiarnettsccss=2= 5st os 225 
IN aphiee Sree eet ha 286 73 Wha cCOnSreseee ee Cae ete: 224 
Cain, a 281 74 Walkege eens 28 C3 222 
Bio keneren aes cn 279 75 Perquimanss = 2 =se5=_ 221 
Gastonetweese se fe 275 76 Oranportesssat tee os 218 
[Deyo ieee aa es 274 76 Wiarrens. 22. se ee 218 
IRXOR ADE 2 32 Se eee 273 78 DACKSONSe. eas eae oe 217 
Viele. i 272 79 Hiyrrelemete 5 ste ee 215 
IBGHULOKbS eons oo SoS. | 267 80 Golumibustetes fae eee 213 
Grrnvilien 528 266 81 Bladensieee es peso 211 
AVANGOMD Noe. = Ste 265 82 Deh amiss eee es aan 210 
PearaniGoest s+ o= oS 263 83 alifaxes 24 eo eo 205 
istnid Re OS he ae 260 84 MeDowell.+.2.2-_..--._- 204 
Northampton .-22-..-=.- 258 85 Onslowee sees. ee 197 
Lae ine re 257 86 OC eee eee sce eee ne! 195 
ones ere ohh. eit 251 87 Rockinghames.s227e46- 191 
[aes i 251 88 Washington__-.---_-_--- 185 
JME Se eee 249 89 New Hanover.----_- eee 181 
VEO 33 249 90 Montgomery---.--_-_--- 180 
@hacham e222: - 2225 2222 248 91 iGhivondasssesene are 176 
aswolle-g. 202202 2 246 92 Gralla! oS tye 175 
“SEO: og cl 245 93 Mio orev 3s sen see cas 166 
Mantineess S02 244 94 @herokeense 5k sees 154 
i22ey (Kapa) ee Slee a im 237 95 Brunswick see ase sere 151 
IMindisonsee 22. 525) = 234 96 Swalnee.s ste ose. 149 
Matenelll. 23.2 e ese = 2232 231 97 Carteret ca te eae 108 
Sto hig! Ss se ae ee 231 98 Dane seed © at ta Mee Rt 47 


THE PER-ACRE, CROP-PRODUCING POWER OF NORTH CAROLINA 


. The average per-acre crop yield in the United States in 1913 was $16.31. 
In the census year, forty-one counties of North Carolina produced greater 


crop wealth per acre! 


Scotland County, more than twice as much! 


The Federal Census Bureau has recently celebrated the eight banner agri- 
It is interesting to compare the per- 
acre crop yields of these counties with the eight North Carolina counties lead- 
ing in this particular in the census year: 


cultural counties of the United States. 


Rank Counties Amount Rank Counties Amount 
a Los Angeles County, Call.| $ 35.00 1 Scotland County, N. C.| $ 42.02 

2 Lancaster County, Penn. 28 .00 2 Robeson County, N. C.- 32.49 

3 Aroostook County, Me._- 23 .00 3 Pamlico County, N. C.-_| 31.12 

4 McLean County, Ill.____- | 18 .00 4 Dare County, N. C.-_--- 30 .27 

5 Livingston County Ill. -4 18.00 5 | New Hanover Co., N. C. 29 .08 

6 LaSalle County, IIl.__.._- 17.00 6 | Wilson County, N. C. --| 28 .70 

7 Iroquois County, IIl. ____| 16.00 7 | Johnston County, N. C.| viel 
8 Whitman County, Wash. 14.00 8 Beaufort County, N. C. 26 .05 


48 COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


On the other hand, compare the per capita wealth of the country popula- 
tions in these counties. The contrasts are startling: 


Rank Counties Amount | Rank Counties Amount 
| SS ae Sey + ; 
1 McLean County, Ill.____- $3,865 .00 12h Scotland County, N.C... $ 466.00 
2 | Livingston County, IIl._. 3,815 .00 | 2 Robeson County, N. C._ 355 .00 
3 LaSalle County, Il.___._- 3,145 .00 3 | Pamlico County, N. C.. 263 .00 
4 Troquois County, Ill.____- 2,957 .00 4 | Dare County, N. C.___. 45 .00 
5 Whitman County, Wash.- 2,414 .00 5 | New Hanover Co., N.C. 181.00 
6 Los Angeles County, Cal. 2,169 .00 6 | Wilson County, N. C. _- 377 .00 
7 Aroostook County, Me..- 1,191.00 7 | Johnston County, N.C. 330 .00 - 
8 Lancaster County, Penn~ 823 .00 8 Beaufort County, N.C.. 267 .00 
| 


Our North Carolina counties produce far greater crop-wealth per acre, year 
by year; but it is produced under a farm system that does not allow it to stick 
to the palms that sweat it out. 

The farm-wealth produced by cotton and tobacco under a tenancy system 
disappears out of a community as though by evaporation overnight. Neither 
producers nor landlords nor supply merchants are able to hold it. It slips 
through their fingers for the most part in some sixty days, and goes to 
enrich the ends of the earth! 

The county in North Carolina that heads the list, in per capita wealth of 
country population, is Alleghany; and Alleghany raises little tobacco and no 
cotton. It is a cereals, hay and forage, live stock county. ' 

North Carolina will always need to grow cotton and tobacco ; but while it 
is growing, our barns and bins, smoke-houses and cribs ought to be filled 
with home-raised food and feed stuffs. Otherwise the accumulation of com- 
munity wealth in our country regions is well nigh impossible. 

Witness the small average wealth of the country populations in our 
fourteen leading tobacco growing counties. It ranges from $191 per person 
in the poorest to $388 in the richest of these counties! 

Permanent farm prosperity cannot be reckoned in wealth produced; it 
must be reckoned in wealth retained. 


TABLE Vi: 
PER-ACRH CROP YIELDS IN NORTH CAROLINA 
Based on the 1910 Census 


i 
: Per Acre || | : Per Acre 
Rank SRE Vield |) Rank | Sonne Yield 
aE Aen ere. | ORG REA RE cas 
i WolSootlandsss 0s) tae wae $42.02. “Ti S10) Calumbaser..ss.ce ee $24 .56 
2 Fo beso nha weer eee 32,49) ai) di Nash 22 poate cet ae ae 24 .36 
Brot Pam logis tall eae Sig Sh, (OT Greene so enue aooree 24.25 
2 Dare: tee Ihe A Deere 3027 ole S02 Pine eee eae eee 24.23 
5 New Hanover--.__.__.__- 29 .08 || °.14 Gumbeéerland 2s eeeee 23 .97 
6 Wilsont cee Gass See oe 28 .70 | 15” AWS yin set 2 eee re 22 .84 
7 VoOlnstons- seas" see 27.71 1 16a Chowants voce. ee: 21.95 
8 Besufortose +e eee 26 .05 17 Edgecombe-.-_-_--__------ 21.78 
9 Richmond |= eens es 25 .64 } 18 Anson's con 8 5 es eee 21.38 


TA Oe 


in farm communities. 


THE FOOD-PRODUCING POWER OF NORTH CAROLINA 


Home-raised food and feed stuffs are related to the accumulation of wealth 


. CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 49 

_ Rank Counties aes Rank Counties oe 
19 VSS ee ee 21 .34 59 RG theriOrd eee eae 13 .69 
20 [Scar he ¢ a 21.10 60 Camden en: ose 13 .67 
21 NTerororc ee ee Soe 20 .05 61 siyrrelliee oo ae soe 13 .33 
22 Brunswitk-2-----.-...-.< 19 .87 62 Chatham=s2e = ss sae ese 13 .16 
23 euneerota ewe eyes. 19.78 638 Sita ites ee avai FS 13.15 
24 Lis ENS Oe ee ee oe 19 .62 64 Orang ous sete eee mn meee 13 .13 
25 Wisrrenioe ys 2s ee 19.11 65 Caswell eee ee eee 12.76 
26 NEG OTe fe es 19.03 66 Catawba cates s-sa tee 12.62 
27 levelandss 60 28) 8s 19.00 67 Gran vallesecs: soe eee 12.60 
28 Mecklenburg__..-______- 18 .88 68 Eancolnses-eees- 5.222 12.46 
29 LES 3 18 .63 CORS easduotankees=-------0~ 12.24 
30 Pamipsonee.—se--- boo. 18 .38 70 Swainte 022 - oes S82. 52 12°17 
31 kisser 18 .35 71 Iredell iret roe ee ae 12215 
32 Wacememrars eos 18.21 72 Guailfordesess22 2. ecer eae 12.03 
33 InSb Gye i See ee aes 18.15 73 Davids One esse aoe ees 11.97 
34 Raengoprere ase = * 2. 17.93 74 Alamance 2 ese 11.57 
35 ith SS ee 17 .92 75 Perquimanses.---eo-=. 11.47 
36 (CRG) at. 17 .64 76 Ur keseree pe eeeaoee A 11.10 
37 DS 17 62 77 Randolphessses se aaa 10.96 
38 MWGwiita 2) 17.57 78 bac kinase eee ee 10.82 
39 Northampton ..-.....-.. 17 .02 79 @aldwellieers oes 8 10.80 
40 Washingtons=-....2-2..2.. F 16.81 80 MeDowellaes 2 eee 10.69 
PiaeieGaston =)... --.22--2.-.- 16.54 81 Transylvania_.---------- 10.48 
42 LENCE: a 16.06 82 Jacksontss sss eens 10.25 
43 nines ners. tS 15.86 83 Alexanders 25.-5 222222 9.79 
Maem tranilin’. 220-22 __.._.. 15.81 Shien | Clay maa 2 ce eee se 9.73 
“45 @urritack 2255-2. 52. 15.76 85 Hendersoness-2 2 Janene 9.24 
46 Montgomery_.__..-....._ 15 .63 86 @herokeem 2-2 = ea 9.13 
SUOL GS oe oS ee 15.51 87 VAN CGyatee cee sat eee 9 .04 

arene See ee 15.51 88 Mitchells aoe eed cee 8.96 

2 ee 15 .26 89 Wa vice tease ace 8.93 

Roe i 14.66 90 Grahame os: Ja oe 8.92 

ee age ee 14 .64 91 Haywood ie. see et coe 8.53 
legit as 14.55 92 WilkesSecmases sos sees a 7.91 
Las 14.39 93 IBUNCOMDO sae eee eee 7 .84 

Eh ES oe 14.18 942 Sh Maconsiisexelcco ete 7.81 

2-§ 5535 35 14.04 95 Madison=s 8 fe eke 2 7.66 

Hea. 13 .94 96 UNCUT Sas 38 wh Tia mh See 5 .34 

Seo 4 tee 13 .89 97 Watalgaen oo oees-. 5 .25 

pee ne loo. 13.81 98 Alleghany sae se Soe cee 4.83 


_ It is commonly supposed that it is good sense and good business to raise 


50 ‘ComMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


The following tables, worked out of the 1910 Census, throw a flood of light 
on this question: ' i 


PER CAPITA WEALTH OF PER CAPITA FOOD-PRO- 


COUNTRY POPULATIONS DUCING POWER 

Rank State Amount Rank State ; Amount 
1 Oklishomal 222s $ 829 .00 1 Oklahomassss= 22 seen see $ 100.00 
2 Texasscre enter vie seek 821.00 2 Keontucky:728t222 25-2238 72 .00 
3 Kentucky. =-= sss == 500 .00 3 ‘Tenneasees: . = 22 8e5 sea 66 .00 
4 South Carolina____.___._- 449 .00 3 WVirginigee ose = eee 66 .00 
5 Wir ginia sos eae eee 424 .00 5 Texas: ooetseee ee 60 .00 
6 Tennessee: 22-2--252.2- 22 380 .00 6 West Virginia_...-.--___- 52.00 
7 West Virginia 2 eee 365 .00 7 Arkansas_.-22e-n soe 51.00 
8 Georgia 5-28 Joe eee eo 325 .00 8 North Carolina__.___--- 45 .00 
9 Arkansagst eter. soe eee 324 .00 8 Hloridaszie22 22 eee | 45 .00 
10 | North Carolina__-_--:--- 322 .00 10 Touisians == ee ee 39 .00 
ll Ploridae eee sates 321.00 il Mississipplssscss-eeseeeee 37 .00 
12 Mississippi_--.-..-----_-_- 302.00 || 12 Georgiase. =. eee ees 4 35 .00 
13 Douisianas so eee ee 286.00 || 18 South Carolina______.-_- 34.00 
14 Alabamas coe. ose ees 230 .00 13 Alabama sos se eae 34 .00 


Oklahoma ranked first in food production in the South. and first in per 
capita farm wealth; Alabama, last in food production, and last in per capita 
farm wealth. : 

The food consumed per person in the run of a year in the South Atlantic 
States costs around $84. (Bulletin Federal Department of Agriculture). 

Oklahoma raised enough food for home consumption, and had twenty 
million. dollars worth to export. Alabama raised only thirty-four dollars 
worth of food per person and had nearly a hundred and ten million dollars 
worth to buy. 

The average food-production in North Carolina in 1910 was $45.00 per in- 
habitant and our rank among the Southern states, in this particular, was 
10th. 

The food and feed .producing power of North Carolina counties in the 
census year, ranged from $9.00 per inhabitant in Dare to $106.00 in Alleghany. 
The figures cover crops and animal products on the farm. 


A STUDY IN CONTRASTS 
Based on the 1910 Census 


Alleghany Scotland 

County County 
Periacre crop’ yield. 2 ccc. 2 eo ana ee $ 4.83 | $ 42 42 
Produced by cereals, hay and forage, vegetables, fruits and nuts_-_--_--- - 890% 19.0% 
Produced by cottons. eo see ee ee Ce ee ee ae eee See 81.0% 
Tenaney farming 222... eee ee eee eee ee ee 15.1% 74.4% 
Percapita food produced ice a § oa eee ee ee $ 106.00 | $ 42 .00 
Surplus:;food:for sale 22a ee ee eee 170,390).00 |o222. Seen 
Deficit—food imported... 2.22 22. sete = ee te ee ee | ee | $ 645,246.00 
Rank in<per acre crop yieldsa-cemes so ee eee eee ee ee ee Last | First 
Per‘capita wealthsccsi seca = ne ee te eee ene Re $ 560.00 | $ 466 .00 
Rank'in pericapita wealths.c. ssc. eee a ee ee eee First Second 

e 


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COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


51 


Under the many-crop, live-stock, ownership system in Alleghany county, 
. the farmers handle less money, but accumulate greater wealth per person. 

Under the one-crop, farm-tenancy, supply-merchant system in Scotland 
- county, the farmers handle more money, but accumulate less wealth per 


person. 


TABLE VI. 


PER CAPITA FOOD AND FEED STUFFS PRODUCED IN NORTH 
CAROLINA 


Based on the 1910 Census 


Rank Counties eo || Rank Counties | Fer Capita 
Food Food 

fm eAlleghany2--c- +... $106 teed 5 uel Greene sa: 22220". se. 2.24.5 | $ 47 
2 WOETUKCG t= 22 eee ono oo 97 45 VOW aNEe eee. eee | 47 
2 Clay es ee 97 47 Personttsesers ere e nee | 46 
4 SO i 84 47 JONES ee eee ee 46 
|| NAGAR 0-3: ae 74 47 SRN ery sa Se 46 
76 ISrLlOrdeewen es 2 71 50 ‘lialita see etry See ese 45 
6 VEC Ry ee 71 DOU MMELSING bse os see o neces 45 
8 AVION OU SE Sosa oo 69 50 Henderson. eee. 45 
8 (Coie Cie ee 69 50 Surryeee ese ne ee 45 
10 (CSET Ge ee 66 54 INES 44 
11 @amdone=. == 2. 6-2 64 54 Stanly Soe a ae 44 
11 ip lines oes on 64 54 WihV Nes eeeae eee eee 44 
13 Mlexanderse: -c- Soc o 63 57 Burkes se See 43 
13 Wartinesete orc te Foo e 63 57 IBTUNS Wi kanes ees eee 43 
13 TRaES aXe Kel fo) oA ere a 63 59 Chowansscs 5: se" see sa “42 
16 IMadisontct 3.2522... - 62 59 Wdgecombe:s.-c2s4_ 22-2 e 42 
16 Bavepsonseen= saees oS 62 59 INashveses22 0 ee ose gs | 42 
18 MiacGmse eae ee 61 59 Scotland eee tae | 42 
Femme bvrrelice:2s soe 61 59 Warren. a ele ernee | 42 
18 JACKSON. 228 --er eo -_5 | 61 59 Washington=. 225. 222--._ | 42 
21 Vane ist eres. Se 60 65 Bladentsssas2 aera: 41 
21 G@hatharmtis eee 52. 60 65 Iredell fae | 41 
21 IREL IC Sa ee ee 2. 60 65 Montcomeryasesssee= se 41 
24 tokens seseesceen 59 65 Robesons 4 et | 41 
24 Wounston=a-s ate 59 69 Buncombes ses -- == 40 
26 Wrange sot eee. 57 69 ‘Cabarrisse: | 40 
27 Waslowsesess soot es no 56 69 Granvyilletesessesee en sees | 40 
28 Hransylyapia-.--222._ 22 55 69 MeDowelleasssase ase oe | 40 
28 Pav woo0ds=e==- 2-25.05. . 55 73 Perquimans_.-.-.-.: S| “39 
30 Ibendoriso. 322 -scec62 0-42 54 73 mRuthertordss.csse5 ee 39 
30 iv erie coe S52 202. 54 73 Unioness oe sae ee 39 
SumeePolic ssc. oe 22 | 54 Gwe lulaeo se ae ce ee sees | 38 
33 iT cC Del ee = Fer 53 77 ockinghaie= ose seas 36 
meer Catawba-.-...----...--.- | 52 ime A nsones Gai 2-52). 36 
34 @olwmbus,..2= 22-22 55523 52 77 Moores 22-2 ee ae. 36 
34 ini Gy a ee 52 80 IBeaufortses-aeasas === 35 
34 lerahamns. Mee Se 52 80 enoirsee = er ese eee ae 35 
38 OGG WOUS store 50 82 G@umberlaricd== eee] 33 
38 Waliconee eee ate oth as 2 50 82 Viens sense eee a. 3 33 
40 @leveland:e 2.2 =. -2is. 2c. 49 84 Pitt Sacer ek | 32 
40 Northampton___________- 49 ie GI Ny Cee ee 31 
40 TETDIYSfo) bee eo ie EE) 49 Ie SOMeINGresbOn! eos. es a Soe 30 
mee? @aldwell 20. _-.. 2-0... 48 HIM 87! \\ Rormytheee Sot 8 oy 29 
43 aT iOOse oes eee 48 88 Wilson ts eee ees et acae 28 


52 - Community SERVICE WEEK 


Rank Counties Sea seEa Rank Counties Per Capite 
Food | : Food 
89 Richmond =a $ 27 94 Mecklenburg.-_-_._------ $ 24 
89 Rranklins === =seenes 27 95 Cartetets2-2-2--- eee 22 
89 Pasquotanias== eae 27 |, 96 Durhanweee eee | 17 
92 Guilford za eere aaa 26 || 97 New Hanover-_----_.----- | 10 
93 Craven othe eee 25 | 98 Datei. 0S eea eee 9 

HOME-RAISED FOOD DEFICITS IN THE SOUTH 
Based on the 1910 Census 
Rank State Amount Rank State Amount 

| Oklahoma, surplus___-_-- $ 20,513,840 7 Louisiana, deficit__.-_-_- $ 74,537,430 

1 Kentucky, deficit_._.__-_- 27,478,860 8 South Carolina, deficit- 75,770,000 

2) i) Florida, deficite 2 2s-2-—-_ 28,299,041 9 Mississippi, deficit____-_- 84,464,358 

3 Virginia, deficit_.-._.___. 37,109,016 10 North Carolina, deficit. 86,045,271 

4 West Virginia, deficit___- 39,075,808 11 Alabama, deficit......_- 106,904, 650 

5 | Tennessee, deficit._..__._- 39,326,202 12 Georgia, deficit=--22 2-2-4 127,846,929 

6 Arkansas, deficit._...__-- 51,951,438 13 Texas, deficit--.-.2--=..2 155,861,686 


Potal/food dehicitesee ees ~ $934, 670,889 


NORTH CAROLINA’S WILLINGNESS TO SACRIFICE FOR PUBLIC 
EDUCATION 


In 1912 The Russell Sage Foundation made a comparative study of the 
public schools in the forty-eight states of the Union. Ten thousand copies 
of the bulletins were mailed to governors, legislators, school authorities, - 
newspapers and magazines. The figures and conclusions of this study 
were based upon the year 1910 as they appeared in the 1911 Report of the 
Federal Commissioner of Education and in the reports of the 13th census. 

North Carolina was exhibited in this bulletin, (1) as having an invest- 
ment in public school property averaging $8.00 per child of school age; (2) 
as spending upon public schools an average of $4.00 a year per child; (3) ~ 
as bearing a tax burden, for public school support, amounting to $2.80 a 
year for every thousand dollars worth of property, or 7c per day per child 
in attendance, and (4) as paying our public school teachers an average of 
only $250 per year. 

From forty-three to forty-six states made a better showing than North — 
Carolina in these various particulars. + 

But consider now the showing that North Carolina makes in 1912-13. All ; 
told, our total available public school fund was $4,810,117! Here is an in- © 
crease of $1,329,600; or 35 per cent in three years. J 

That is to say, our tax burden for public schools was not $2.80 a thousand, — 
as reported in the Sage Foundation Bulletin for 1910, but 2, 03 upon every © 
thousand dollars worth of property in the State! be 

In 1918, our investment in public school property was $8,149,822.56—an in- a 
crease of 42 per cent in three years! ‘ 


& 


air hts 


i i a aici Mas Bae he Skid nial ee 


4 
} 
9 


CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 53 


We dare to say that North Carolina is levying, all told, a heavier rate 
against her taxable wealth for public schools than any other State in the 
Union. 

If New York State with her twelve billions of taxable wealth were levying 
a rate for public education as heavy as North Carolina is bearing, her school 
fund every year would be not fifty-one million but nearly one hundred 
million dollars. 

As a matter of fact, the state of New York bears a tax burden for public 
schools amounting to $4.52 per thousand, while North Carolina is carrying a 


-tax burden for public schools amounting to $8.03 per thousand. The simple 


truth is that our accumulated wealth in North Carolina is relatively small. 
As it appears on our tax books, it is still smaller; so small indeed, that in 
58 counties of the State it does not yield school revenue sufficient to offer as 
much as four months of public school opportunities! 

The fundamental problems of the State are (1) to increase the accumulated 
wealth of our people and (2) to get it equably upon our tax books. 

Our investment in taxes for public education in North Carolina ranges all 
the way from $4.69 per thousand in Hertford County to $20.85 in McDowell. 

The other day, in Madison, Wisconsin, we found that the total tax rate of a 


_ property owner in that city—for State, County and City purposes of every 


kind—amounted to $19.00 per thousand; and this in the capital city of 


- Wisconsin, and in Dane, the wealthiest agricultural county in the State. 


But McDowell County in North Carolina is paying, for school purposes 
alone, $20.85 per thousand! If there is any greater willingness to invest in 
public education in any County in this, or any other State, we do not know 


mOtrit. 


What wealth the counties have will be found in Table No. 4. What 
the counties are investing in public education will be found in the Table 
below. It will be seen that some of our poorer counties are bearing a heavy 


_ burden, while some of our wealthiest counties are bearing a comparatively 
light burden. 


This table is worth comparing with Table No. 1, showing the per cent of 


native white illiteracy in the counties of North Carolina. 


Where does your County stand? Has it a creditable rank? Might it have 


a better rank in any one of these tables? 


54 


CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


TABLE VII. 
NORTH CAROLINA’S WILLINGNESS TO ESTABLISH AND SUPPORT 
PUBLIC SCHOOLS 


Based on Report of the State Tax Commission, 1913, and 
the total School Fund, Rural and City, for 
the year ending June 30, 1913 


\ 


School Tax School Tax 
Rank Counties Per $1,000 of || Rank Counties Per $1,000 of 
Property Property 

1 McDowelle=== === $20 .85 51 Horsythsess=s see $ 7.67 

2 Dare= see ee 19 .66 52 Duplin eee 7.65 

3 SaMpsone---s ose eae eee 13 .85 53 ‘Durham-2.2224 Sas thai 

4 Hyde.) ee eeneade en 12.98 53 Granville. _2-- 2282.32 “7.61 

5 Wilkes: 2222 2.7 12.59 53 Onslow = ee ae 7.51 

6 Washington=_--------=-- 12.06 56 ‘Tyrreli¢s ae eee eee 7A7 

7 Gatear eS es eee 11.97 57 Stanly 222 to See 7 43 

8 ‘Pender™ ess) ae 11.64 58 Bladen. -36).22- = aoe 7.40 

9 Transylvaniae---2--2e--e= 11.56 59 Gaston. 3-2 i eee T00. 
10 Guilford eee 11.45 60 Tero ee 22 eee BS 
11 Pamlicoieens- se ae eee 11.39 61 Randolph2ss2 222s 7.32 
12 Mitchell! 3 ee a 11.29 61 Wayne. 222 eee Wnoe 
13 iendersons=.=2 ss ee 10.96 63 Robeson - -. -se- sane 7.30 
14 ‘Buncombesesss2-2ea sess 10.39 64 Perqguimansssss= eae 7.25 
15 Carteret: 9.74 65 ILenoirs22 es ae ee | 1.22 
16 Alexanders = a 9.72 66 Caswell os 2s -- = aoe 7.07 
17 Caldwell ewe eae 9.70 67 Halitax? fot soe eee 6.99 
18 Moore.) fa eae 9.63 68 Warren! 2 oe eee ee 6.97 
19 Columbus] --= eee 9.59 69 PONCS Se eet akeatea eral 6.92 
20 Jackson. ta sees eee 9.55 70) | Edgecombe:i2-22 2222-4 6.79 
21 Cumberland 22s see eee 9.45 71 Scotland.2 2! -2 2a 6.73 
22 Martin2ts20 oe oe 9 .30 72 Clay sor eee ee | 6.71 
23 Adleghany= = se see 9.25 73 Persons+2.- eee 6.69 
23) Beautortett- 22 = eee 9.25 74 Cabarcrus ss 2 see ees 6.66 
25 Curmttick 2s es 9.05 74 Hokes23 sao 6.66 
26 Cherokee. 222.2522 22 5 9.03 76 Asheuc..<.vehere aa 6.64 
27 Frankiin?. 8.88 a Lincolns.. 2 seat 6.52 
28 Johnstons == eee ee 8.82 78 Crayenc22+ 22 ee 6.50 
29 Camden. eee 8.80 79 Gleveland.- 22a 6.36 
30 Catawbal.. 22 eo 8.74 80 Bertie. ges-2 aes seen 6.27 
30 Eiay wood seen asses see 8.74 81 DaVie=sce toss 25s 6.15 
32 Oranges. ee 8.72 82 Brunswicksessss=se eee 6.09 
33 INashi22 es See eee” 8.68 83 Rutherfordie-se eee ese 6.07 
34 ‘Alamance:5.2 2 ue ee 8.66 84 Mane 22.22 2.2- 2 oa 6.05 
35 Union 222 2-2 es 8.59 85 New Hanover---.-_____- 6.03 
36 AnsOD&2222 == est eee 8.56 86 Watatigas-ossee oe eee 6.00 
37 Wilsons: ee aes 8.53 87 Swaint.ct Cee eee | 5.99 
38) Richmond/= 2 .---.--e 8.46 88.0), Davidson’ otha 5.96 
38 V ANCCY seeker ee 8 .46 89 Stokes’. sess sees 5.91 
Jt) © || Serreenetriate, 8.43 90 | Northampton__-______- 4 5 .87 
41 Mecklenburg_____________ 8 .33 O1a Peocking harness eee 5.74 
42 Pith: 2 see eee 8.26 91 Surry oe eee eee eee 5.74 
43 Madison#t2: 3 6224 3s 8.20 93 Rowanlens..2 6 eee 5.68 
44 AN CT Ys cick se ta te 8.03 94 VYadiin=5- = enn eee ae 5 .62 
45 Chowant=ss: 4652 eee 8.02 95 Grahams oe ee 5.52 
46 Wakei2s27-<- -soten oer 7.87 96 Chatham eae 5.43 
47 Iredell... ae eee oes 7.83 97 Polke 2 eee ere 5.43 
48 Macon sie aa une nee 7.80 98 Montgomery_.---------- 5.18 
49 Farnett 2.5 te eee 7.71 99 Greene: 5. 22-22 eee oe 4.88 
50 Burkes 22.20 2a) ee eee 7.70 | 100 Hertford eae eee 4.69 


ae ae re oe 


COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 55 


ROAD MILEAGE IN NORTH CAROLINA 


Few things indicate more definitely how wide awake a county is than what 
it is actually doing toward getting a system of good roads. 
This question is not the automobile man’s question. It is the man’s 


* question back in the mountain cove or out on the farm who needs an outlet 


and means of communication. It’s the question of the parent who has 
children to send to school and church. It is the city man’s question who has 
to draw upon the country for his daily supplies. 

The following table, revised to January 1, 1914, shows that North Cana 
has 48,991 miles of public roads of which 6,667 are improved and 42,324 are 
unimproved. 

It shows, incidently, how wide awake, or how fast asleep, your county is 
on this subject. 

For clearness, it should be noted that “turnpike” roads, such as those in 
Watauga, are not classed as public roads. Consequently the number of miles 
of such roads is not included in the improved mileage for the various counties. 


TABLE VIII. 
ROAD MILEAGE IN NORTH CAROLINA 


-Based pn revised figures, January 1, 1914, secured from Miss H. M. Berry, 


AINE 0 ET ARORA BE itr aH 


Statistician of the North Carolina Economic and Geological Survey 


Number Miles Number Miles 
Rank Counties EEG Rark Counties |? Improved 
Surfaced or Surfaced or 

Graded Road Graded Road 
il Elid Cce tee eee te amie! = ok 41] 29 RVODERONsss Soe ete eat 75 
2 Mecklenburg....-.-_----- 393 30 Cumberland=:-2ee- = 65 
3 resinkclinee = passer ee 346 30 Daplinseee=ss eeesee aos 65 
4 iWinkesseebee tere ees 343 32 Harnett__-.. Pe ence 55 
5 Ts GVO) Ro nc a A a - 320 33 RUbheriord sess a2 eee 54 
6 Richmond seses. ees a 268 34 Henderson..._.--_---_-- 52 
7 Scotlands s.2s.2 =e. + 266 35 Montgomery_____------- 50 
8 WiAYN@s2. seen. Mie SL 235 36 Ea yiwv0 OG teen ae eee 49 
9 rece leer seca eee 231 387 O14 eee Raw wines nee 45 
10 (Guile eee he a 219 37 LAnCOlne =. toe eee 45 
11 WONDS6OR soto oe 215 39 Brinewick... 2-45 she 43 
12 OWA ete sees so-so 200 39 Edgecombe--____----_-_-- 43 
13 IBTINCOM De. sas. eo oe 157 39 OL Reena et oe 43 
14 UGH AT ee ee ses 144 42 @leveland!-4= == --o 41 
he 15 IETO Kelemen es x 2 se oie 140 43 ONCS = et scat he kee ee 39 
16 Orsythse so eee se as 138 44 @ravenssecone eee 38 
17 (S1EW 0 6)-(0) « eee a a 130 45 Galdwellite ane 35 
18 Nashsee ro 5 2 8y 2 Je 2’ 129 45 C@atawbamesce see 35 
19 Granvillors.2 222-6 soe 124 45 Hen Ones ea nee ee oe 35 
20 PATS Cee ees Oke ee 119 45 Rockinghammess- sess = 35 
21 CEs es. aS 116 45 LVi ni Ce aemees eee eer 35 
22 PLOWowellee-. 2-5 soe. 106 50 Orange 225 ee eee 34 
23 Veta x ee gee feo cc he 95 51 Martin ooceee ee ee 33 
23. New Hanover......------ 95 52 Surry sees s ee eee 31 
Leas PXIB Anessa ne 93 | 53 Da yilecson scat 28 
26 WILSON eas. See oe ee on ano 86 54 Cherokees es 2 tweens 25 
ie CO ADSITUS-._-—--- 2-25-22. 82 55 Carteret =ac2e eee 22 
28 1203 thee aS ie ne ie oe ereaes 77 56 Alleghany sass 20 


56 CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


Number Miles : Number Miles 
A Improved ‘ Improved 
Rank Counties sncraeeaes Rank Counties Sueiacuiee 

Graded Road Graded Road 

56 Riancdolp hase a= s= ene 20 69 Beaufort_--_- Pe ee ees 8 

58 Avely= S22 Ae 19 70 Stanly2>22-02-34 2 7 

59 Northampton 2-2:+---2+ 18 71 Graham se. eee 5 

60 Madisont = erste eee 16 71 Vance y2atees) eee 5 

61 Currituckane ee eeereaa es 15 73 Stokéss-osce se eae 4 

61 Davidsonsos- see aes 15 73 SWaint.c eee. a ees 4 

63 Caswell fee ee 13 73 Wilkes. 2-5 eee 4 

64 Transylvania-_-_.------_- 12 76 Bladen. eee ees 3 

64 RW iret Kops tes eh eA ES ee 12 76 Chowante-.22-42 seers 3 

66 Burke") -=s3e 2 eee. 11 78 GColumbus?.- 22-5) ee 2 

66 Wiashingtonss:222s eee" iit 78 Mitchellis-o see ee 2 

68 Camden ois eee eee 10 


The following counties are not credited with any improved surfaced or 
graded roads: Alexander, Ashe, Chatham, Clay, Dare, Gates, Greene, Hert- 
ford, Hyde, Jackson, Macon, Onslow, Pamlico, Pasquotank, Pender, Perqui- 
mans, Person, Tyrrell, Warren, Watauga, Yadkin. 


BOYS’ CORN CLUB ENROLLMENT FOR 1914 CONTEST 


North Carolina counties took a vitally significant step forward agricul- 
turally when the Boys’ Corn Club movement was inaugurated. The fact that 
during the season just ending 4,402 North Carolina boys grappled the problem, 
at first hand and under skilled leaders, of raising bumper crops on a definite 
acreage, insures the State something infinitely finer than a corn crop, namely, 
a crop of sturdy, open minded, expert corn growers. Wake County Jeads the 
list with 314 members of this splendid band who have learned the lesson 
of corn producing from Messrs. T. E. Brown and A. K. Robertson, directors. 

In 1913, in spite of the drought and the severe storm on September 3d, 670 
boys reported a total yield of 41,816 bushels of corn at a total cost of $15,464. 
The average per acre was 62.4 bushels (the average for the State was 20) 
and the cost of production was 37 cents. 

J. Ray Cameron, of Kinston, won first prize with 190.4 bushels on his acre 
at a cost of 34 cents. Seven boys made over 150 bushels, 14 over 125, and 
49 over 100. 


§ 


hp 


eaetalie! tips t 


Vit ay ee. eae 


- CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 67 
ms . 
TABLE IX. 
BOYS’ CORN CLUB ENROLLMENT 
Counties | Members Rank Counties Members 
UPTURN a 314 62 Henderson___--._-.-____ 25 
Wilkes sete. 555 Te 294 53 Nias heir ee ae ee 24 
pexeichmond:—u-. + o.o2 2 238 54 Wlexanders-220--.0 7 bs - 23 
DOUOMSLONe t= ts. 184 54 Pamlicoucs ase. ous 23 
Buncombe. <.--.--..2--_ 155 56 Mertiords6 25s eee ee 21 
Mecklenburg___._-------- 148 56 Rocking hamsss= se. ee 21 
(Chi bl je 128 58 Catawbhawmaeeane 20 
Fn besOnU see sess ack 117 59 Dp linen ee eee 19 
rece Limerenetr er fe 113 60 Jacksonsss 0. sua a 17 
parame ae SE ee 107 60 Stanly meee se eeke a 8 17 
Guiltord = .2-. +_.-- 96 62 Greenes 2. eres 16 
iowa 85 63 DP OlkS eee ee Nes 15 
INE 85. 64 Madison 0.2222 250. 14 
Wa arrus ese 8 eo 84 65 eT Lesa mee en oer oe oe 13 
Randolph ees —_ 2 2 =). 82 65 in colnesee eee as 13 
Diva i be eo 81 65 Oxislowaben aes ee 13 
IvGhe oe at) i a 74 65 Wiatrensestee: et foe 13 
UNE et ae Sa 72 69 Montvomery<--- > 2----- 12 
ING te fil 70 Perquimans sss sss = 10 
iB vid Wey er 71 71 Wilson-ee ss & oe soce 9 
SaMipsOneses osos= seas. 70 (Ome O@Oewell tee Sok oe 8 
LS Ey p(s) rr 63 72 Hranklineeee: eee ee 8 
MeWowellace- >= -545- 63 72 IPitGaeeee ee eee ke 2 8 
nldwelleem sn. 2 oe! 61 75 Bertie: eee se tee oo 7 
Surryeeeesee s2e8 2 59 75 Ghowansss--2se2te 2 7 
ya vidsOnsese5ss2 2-220... 58 75 Currituck == =e 7 
Gravensewe arses ss. oo 55 75 Hay woodee=-ene. ee. i 
GBhathamect setae oo. 2 54 75 Mane yse esas ae a 7 
Gisveltndis eo es 53 - 80 Clay ii srrter see wt ee 6 
Wurberlandss-..-- 2-2 _. 49 80 Martino sis te 6 
ISM ONS 2 48 82 DAViG=. seo ae eet 5 
IEE AEN Uses toe was ee 48 82 Gatesteste2t ee Ae EP 5 
Orn poses ese - 46 82 iy devo ss its oe 5 
SOs) oo 46 85 Carteretios- 222 eect ee 4 
nine. 5-1 2). ae 45 85 Cherokee esis 2. =e 4 
iNew, ELANOVEer=.ce-=55..-_ 41 85 IO Wstaneee ne Meee Pee? 4 
IECrCer etree ee a 41 85 Transylvania-_.-------..- } 4 
WIGYeG) a> aes 39 89 AVL Y Reet ee ee re y 3 
NEOQOre see Er ress 38 89 Pasquotank_.___.......- 3 
IDS) qa) ee ee 36 91 Alleghanysescss-e>e2-2-- 2 
Northampton_______-___- 36 91 Wis nOGire Mee ere wah 2 
BOGDLAN OEE fee sa ao. 36 91 IPETsONn eee ee ee 2 
lA Se 34 94 Camden....-0cs Son... 1 
Rutherford____-_-__- v a 34 94 Grahame sees i 1 
Edgecombe.-.-.--.....-_-_- 29 94 JONRCS aces aes Sea 1 
Band kines Pee. 22 ee os. 29 94 piv yrve tPses eer Sep oe 1 
LSTUNGL Ree an Sa et eae rae 28 98 108 fps eee eae “4 
STAB ViUOS. no. 8202555._5 28 98 Wataugacoe pees ee 8 
BC a rr 27 98 | Washington_.2.-....-.-- as 
Matches eee 27 f — 
UU a i 26 Torte a peut eee eet 4,402 


58 ComMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


CORN AND COTTON YIELDS UNDER DEMONSTRATION METHODS 


In North Carolina, with cotton demonstrations on 513 farms, the average . 
yield last year was 1,185 pounds of seed cotton per acre; and with corn 
demonstrations on 1,751 farms the average yield was 45.1 bushels per acre. 
The reports by counties were as follows: 

TABLE X. 


AVERAGE YIELD PER ACRE 


E Seed Cotton, Corn, 
Demonstration Agent and County y aan Bushels 

‘Anderson, Bruce) dhorsy th--22 255-2 ee sen ce ren an ee ae eee ee een eee 41.4 
Arey id As a kede lees coe amen eee ae ae eae ne eae ee 1,087 39.8 
Bailey: (Neil :-Ass Guilfordi22222)"s-e--. 56s aes eee ee eee 909 38.6 
Bennett, Geo. Rs; Halifaxs. 25225-22225 eo 8 Be ne ee eee 1,449 52.1 
Bennett, McA, WUONt OM CIy eee ee eee 1,536 55.5 
BB tae 7 f Zak Vins VLOOLC are seca ee eee ne eee lie oe / 41.0 
Boone, J. A., Jrj: Robeson tie. vee ee i Es ee en end Oe | eee 4 48 .2 
Camerony da Ws, fADSOUe aaa en eee eee eo ae oe ee 1,469 43 5 
Garter, Oliver, Martin, Pitt) and: Hdgecompbevs= sass == sas aa — = eee - 1,057 32.8 
Chamblee, We Hissdf.9 Wakess ss esse =: aon ee oe ee ee 1,259 41.2 
Covington J. 5. Richmond ese sss se ces ae ae ae eee eee 1,936 41.3 
Davis, McD., Sampson----------- ee Ae Be de ee ee el ee 46.9 
Bivans. W:. b.,Northampton-ccss2.- = 2-2 ee a eee ee ee ee 1,398 64.1 
Fearrington, B.M., Chatham 2-2 22s so oe sense ne eee 1,486 53 .0- 
Ferguson; 8. Ni, Bladen=22-22 5-22 22-9 22 oe ae ek ea a eee eee 971 36.9 
Fletcher, J..D.,Durham-3 22202222 eo a ea ae eee tans UY, 38.3 
Foster; H.-K., Catawbac.2-s222 2222225222 ee ns none n asec ener seee 1,216 55.1 
Freeman, Ry Wij ROW Uses ee ee as rr ee 1,561 42.6 
Goforth; 'G. M.j'Caldwell: 2.82 222s). eos ease ee eee 64.4 
Graeber; R. W:;: Mecklenburgeesc: 2222-2222 22 ee oe te ea ee 1,426 54.9 
Hendren, A. G:, Wilkes_.......--.---- Le obec tee Bene SAR Ce ee eres 50.9 
Hendren*J.;J.,. Columbus. 2220 sot one ae oa re eee eee 1,304 48 .9 
Herring; G.. W.,, ol.),, Sampsomee= 2222 22 See aoe eae eee 1,199 41.3 
Howell? OI, Waynes. csese sc eee sere ee ee ee ee 1,059 38.6 
Hubbard, GF); Cumberland =o oes oe ee eee ee eee 1,215 41.0 
Johnson, J. W.; OUITY=-o2 ses ese == De Bees oe Pe ee a ee Ca es | 69.8 
Latham, J.P; Beaulortos. sess. ase ae ee ene ee 694 33 .8 
Layton, Nx Aj iBladenzs= 6222 ote nGe 8 eee ote eee oe eee 1,238 38.5 
Lips, Re Ly Staulyssicat eens Secale OE Beek ee ee eee 1,245 43.5 
MoArtan,C., Barnett. 2 22a ess a, Pas Sg oe Soh ae eee ee 1,000 43 4 - 
Meredith, J.B.; Davidson”. -23 2 = ec a eee ee ee 1,698 77.3 
Mitchell; C..83; Gates:and-Hertfiord=2 2-2-2 Sa cas eee eee 1,365 42.2 
MOOT ey Ber sp) SS UE eee ee 49.8 
Moore; ‘Zeno; Edgecombetse.- 2-2. 22 satan tee ee eee ee eae ee ee 1,287 39.1 
Morris, J) A.; Granyilldsgezesk oe ee eee 1,139 38.6 
Newell iB 5 WW Q0TC ses tare a ae ee ae ee ee 1,458 57.4 r 
Patterson, J 007A. ,\Halifaxse =: 22. esse 2 ae ee See nee 1,308 44 6 . 
Powell, N. B., Hertford_-..---- Pisses ater <BR Pee AST a PN SG 1,235 39.8 = 
Siler; Av L., Maconte...222_- 32 28. soe ote Se ee ae 48 .6 
Turlington, J.A:, Sampson yi2a8 so sn ea ee Sona ee aa ee ee 855 50.6 
|Prrmie rs (EY = Gey th VELA ATCO ee eee a 44.3 
Walker, F. S., Rockingham.-----_.---------- CMe Raids, stata SS OE RIS | h 42.2 ¥ 
Weaver; EAD:, Buncombe ets) 2.55 oe ae ee eel ee 53.4 si 
Williams, J. 'C.; Hydei-3...3. 2.2 25) se eaten wees se aa eens eee eee 1,029 48 .9 % 
Williams, P. C., Orange: :.<2<-~ 2230. sac= toe ae teen nec eee cea eee eee 45.6 
Wioods, Ca Ney, Oran pe tess. eae eee ree aes aa ee ey ee ee ee eee 36.4 | 


Compare these yields with average corn and cotton yields in your county. | 


CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 59 


GIRLS’ CANNING CLUB ENROLLMENT FOR 1914 CONTEST 


In Section VI extracts from Mrs. Jane S. McKimmon’s report are given on 

Canning Clubs. Here follows the personnel of the Canning Club organization 
in the State and the membership of the clubs and the counties enrolled. 
& Mrs. Jane S. McKimmon, Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, in charge; 
- Miss Margaret K. Scott, Haw River, Assistant; Miss Ruth Evans, Apex, ist 
Field Agent; Miss Nannie Leach, Cary, 2nd Field Agent. There are 31 
supervising county agents and 42 assistants. Is your county in the list? 


TABLE XI. 


GIRLS’ CANNING CLUB ENROLLMENT 


Counties Clubs | Enrollment Counties Clubs | Enrollment 
UNI oe ei 8 163 Granvillesesee a eee eo 3 30 
IMeoklenburg---..-_--.-=.--- 12 123 (Craventaeee ne 28 1 29 
PME NCOnees <2 = 25-1 2--.--- 10 122 Randolp hss. 2) eee 2 28 
Dt Ee Ane 7 105 New. Hanover_--3-----2- == 2 25 
Sich a 5 91 Ga taw Daeseeret aes eae 2 23 
Malan se see aes Ss. 5 84 Northampton..-.......--- 2 21 
Hii a 5 77 Teal i, = Fase eS eee 2 21 
Magecombe:2\_---...-.-.---- 6 74 Guilfordeesesseasseess Baas 2 20 
OTe Meta eee See 5 63 MeDowelltsc9-2s2seseces- 1 18 
VS ea ga 4 61 Row anseree S282 8 a 1 17 
‘Dds See a 4 55 VianCClras aeeen ee soe 1 16 
MECH Ne ete = Ls 4 45 Cumberlandat=-=--- = 1 13 
mG HIONG + seese 2-22 -5=5-= 3 45 Chathanmesccss soiree it 11 
IpanCOMDC oases 5-2 £2). La. == 3 43 Pendens =osere a ere ase ae 1 5 
CS = rr 4 41 —- 
TSR ice as See ee 34 40 LOtalers ste: 2 een oe 113 1,544 
Most ONS 22-222. =. 3 35 


SECTION VI 
GOOD EXAMPLES FOR YOUR COMMUNITY 


The following articles have been compiled with a view to furnishing sug- 
gestions and questions relating to the programs in the preceding pages. 
They are arranged alphabetically according to topics. Credit for the source 
from which they have been drawn is not always given as they have been 
taken from many different publications and persons. 

The significance of these articles will become immediately apparent upon 
being read. They show what the leading communities in North Carolina 
and the nation are doing to upbuild our civilization. Hach one when read, 
should be followed by the searching question, ‘Will the adoption of the sugges- 
tion herein presented be of value to my community?” 


TWENTY TESTS OF PROGRESS FOR YOUR COUNTY 


1. Is every country boy and girl in your county getting six months school 
term? 

2. Have you a county superintendent of education giving his whole time to 
the work? 

3. Have you voted road bonds or a road tax? 

4, Have you a county superintendent of health employed for all his time? 

5. Does the Farmers’ Union or any other farmers’ organization thoroughly 
cover your county? 

6. Have you a good county fair? 

7. Do you select for your county officials the men who will help the county 
forward fastest instead of the men who serve the party machine best? 

8. Are your churches gaining in strength and influence and the people in 
temperance and morality? 

9. Have you properly supported farmers’ institutes, and are there institutes 
for farm women as well as men? 

10. Have you Corn Clubs for the boys and Tomato Clubs for the girls? 

11. If you are in the tick-infested territory, are you doing anything to 
eradicate the ticks and get out of the quarantine? 

12. Have you shown sufficient interest in the Farmers’ Cooperative Demon- 
stration Work to get its advantages for your farmers? 

18. Have you rural free delivery everywhere you might have it? 

14. Has every school in your county a good library? 

15. Can your boys and girls get the advantages of a good high school near 
them, without leaving their home communities? 

16. Are you cooperating with the State in the fight to exterminate the 
hookworm disease? 

17. Is there a good rural telephone system covering the county? 

18. Are you supporting a wide-awake county paper—one that is more in- 
terested in the progress of the county than in partisan politics—and are your 
farmers taking the best farm papers? 

19. Have you abandoned the old fee system of paying county officers? 


ei 


_ COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 61 


20. Are your citizens and your board of commissioners willing to go down 


_ into their jeans and produce the necessary money, economically administered, 


to secure these profitable forms of progress?—Progressive Farmer. 


FIFTEEN TESTS OF PROGRESS FOR YOUR TOWN 


Do you observe Clean Up Days in the Spring and Fall? 

Do you prosecute a Fly Swatting Campaign? 

Do you have a Public Library? 

Do you have a Public Playground? 

Do you celebrate Arbor Day? 

Do you have a Public Rest Room? 

Do you have an efficient Board of Trade or Chamber of Commerce? 

Do you have a Community Betterment Association? 

What idea has your community developed which is decidedly worth con- 
tributing to other North Carolina towns? 

Do you have a Public Health Officer and effective municipal machinery for 
enforcing public health ordinances? 

Do you have an annual Chautauqua or Lyceum Course? 

Po you have a Y. M.C. A.? A Y. W. C. A? 

Do you use the school building as a Social Center? 

Do you have an organized Charities Association and a Visiting Nurse? 

Does your community, through any organization, offer prizes for Com- 
munity Improvement? 


ARBOR DAY. 


; SUGGESTED ARBOR DAY PROGRAM 
ScHOOL Sone. 
DEVOTIONAL EXxERcISE, by Principal or Minister. 
RESPONSIVE SCRIPTURE READING, Psalm 104, v. 1-17. 
READING: Governor’s Proclamation. 
Sona. 
Reapine: “What and Where to Plant around North Carolina Schoolhouses.” 
ApprEss: By Principal or invited guest. 
Exhibition of Collection of Flowers, Leaves, and Fruit (Prize Competition). 
Saluting the Flag—in school grounds. 
Planting one or more trees in the grounds. 


BETTERMENT ASSOCIATIONS. 


HAVE YOU A SCHOOL BETTERMENT ASSOCIATION? 


What some such associations are doing in North Carolina: 

1. Parents meet once a month with teachers to discuss school needs and to 
plan improvements. 

2. Parents or friends come to school at a stated time (last hour Friday) 


_ and give informal talks on topics of the day. 


8. Parents suggest and insist upon medical and dental inspection. Parents 


sometimes pay for special treatment for children who can not afford it. 


62 CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


4, Material _ Improvements. (a) The Woman’s Club of Wilmington estab- 
lished a Domestic Science Department in the High School. (b) The Civic 
Club of Davidson put in drinking fountains and provided a play ground 
director for recess hours. (c) The Community Club of Chapel Hill supports 
a musical department in the village school. (d) Many Civic Clubs have 
founded school libraries and provided good pictures for schools. (e) The 
Woman’s Club of Gastonia spent hundreds of dollars terracing and improving 
school grounds. The Superintendent of schools of Gastonia granted half 
holiday in order that the teachers might attend a special meeting of the 
Woman’s Club for discussion of community problems. (f) Women’s Clubs 
furnish speakers and programs for arbor day, civic days, flag days, ete. (g) 
Parents provide seeds, plants, hedges and trees for school yard planting.— 
Mrs. T. W. Lingle, of the North Carolina Federation of Women’s Clubs. 


CANNING CLUBS. 


WHAT SOME CANNING CLUB GIRLS ARE DOING © 


The following excerpts from an article by Mrs. Jane S. McKimmon, in 
charge of Girl’s Demonstration Work in North Carolina, in 19138, tell an 
interesting story and indicate what the girls in your county can do: 

In Wake County we have not been able to supply the demand for the 4 H. 


brand of tomatoes (the brand by which our product is known). Raleigh is 


a good market and the-exhibit at the State Fair gave us a fine advertise- 
ment. We exhibited tin goods from only two young ladies at the Fair and 
sold for one over 600 quart cans and for another over 300 here in Raleigh. 
One of the Wake workers canned 1,000 No. 3 tomatoes and disposed of 600 
to one Raleigh merchant, the rest to local housewives. 

I sent out a call in November to all the Wake Club girls asking them to 
let me know of any surplus they might have on hand as I had many orders 
to fill but found only one member who had any left. This little girl, with 
her two sisters, had gone into the work in the spring but the two older girls 
did not hold out through discouragements of the poor truck year. Those of 
you who did any gardening will remember the hot winds, insect pests and 
diseases which seemed to sweep everything before them. This child only 
eleven years old had the determination to stick to her work and in response 
to my call, sent in to fill orders, 250 cans which she had produced on her tenth 
of an acre. Her father came into town to deliver the cans and stopped by my 
office to tell me how proud his little girl was of banking $25 that she had 
earned by her own efforts and of the inspiration of her example to her 
sisters. They are planning already to work in earnest for next spring. ‘With 
three in the family to can” said the father, “I mean to buy a canner that they 


may have no excuse for not canning tomatoes when they are ripe enough 


to put up.” - 

Alamance, Iredell, Granville, Warren, Mecklenburg and Wilkes all disposed 
of their products within their own borders. Some of these counties saving 
from $500 to $1,000 that formerly went out to Maryland or some other 
canning State. 

In looking over my tabulated report of the counties I find in this year of 
short tomato crops, that 29 girls have produced 206,910 pounds of tomatoes, 
selling $1,220.86 worth fresh, canning 33,019 quarts for sale and using $969.21 


| 


} 


— 


Fai en 


« peees, 


COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 63 


worth at home. The average profit per girl was $16.37, the average Cost 
$8.45. We had individuals whose profits on the tenth of an acre ran up to 
$30, $60, $80, and in the case of the Browne girls—$107, but we believe garden- 
ing at the rate of $163.70 profit per acre is alluring enough to induce a girl to 
try it. 


CHURCH ACTIVITIES. 


THE CHURCH AND SOCIAL SERVICE 

Here follow seventeen of the recommendations adopted by the Southern 
Sociological Conference: : 

1. List the men and women in the churches with reference to the kind of 
work they are capable of and willing to do. Let special effort be made to 
secure a large number of men, organized in brotherhoods, if possible, for 
aggressive work. 

2. Unify the charity forces of the city. We would urge the churches to do 
their miscellaneous charity work largely, if not entirely, through the orga- 
nized forces of the city. We hope yet to see the Union Mission, the Young 
Men’s Christian Association, the Young Women’s Christian Association, and 
the United Charities working in concert for both relief and upbuilding. 

8. Unite as far as possible in establishing hospitals with indoor and out- 
door clinics, visiting nurses, etc. 

4. Have regular set times when social workers shall report the results of 
their activities to a great inspirational meeting. Make liberal use of charts 
exhibiting conditions in their own city. 

5. Encourage wider use of church buildings. A “Fine Arts Evening” has 
been regularly given with great success. So a “Social Service Evening.” 

6. Conduct open forums as often as possible for discussion of current 
issues. A frank and free expression of opinion, even on the part of the bad, 
might tend to clear the atmosphere. 

7. We believe it would be worth while for the churches to unite in securing a 
page in the daily papers and present across the top of the page a message to 
the community every week, using the rest of the page for the announcements. 

8. We would urge the exchange of delegates by ministerial bodies with the 
labor unions. Let the church help secure needed labor legislation, such as 
that against child labor, excessive hours for women, unsanitary conditions, 
etc. : 

9. Let each denomination establish a Department of Church and Social 
Service, and each conference, synod, convention, etc., have a committee on 
that subject, as well as a standing committee in each congregation. 

10. Seek, wherever possible, improvement in public utilities and in great 
commercial enterprises, such as department stores, factories, etc. Plead the 
cause of the poor against the illiberal landlord, the loan shark, and every 
other type of oppressor. 

11. We should be glad to see each of our cities have a women’s boarding 
home, where, under safe conditions, the working girl who comes to town 
may be supported at small cost and directed while she learns her new trade. 
These ought by all means to be under the direction and influence of the 
churches or the Young Women’s Christian Association. 

12. Take an active interest in amusements and play; see that the negroes 
have parks and other means of recreation. Help cultivate a sentiment for. 


64 CoMMUNITY SERVICE WrEx 


* 


parks before land is too valuable. Preach the gospel of relaxation. Keep 


an eye on public dance halls, moving pictures, and the theaters. Stand for | 


and share the elean recreative life of the community. 

13. Help the juvenile court. Get chapels in jails as fast as possible. Help 
strike the chains and handcuffs off convicts working in public. A remedial 
attitude toward the criminal, some method by which his work can be made 
to help those who are dependent upon him, and a chance for the ex-convict— 
these are some of the tasks now before us. 

14. Let the country churches make wider use of their buildings. Provide 
circulating libraries. Let them help provide better highways, better schools, 
better comforts and conveniences for the home, better culture forces in 
general, and better living conditions on the whole, including amusements, 
sports, etc. 

15. We would, with all possible emphasis, plead for complete agreement 
among all ministers refusing to marry divorced people where the grounds 
for the divorce are unscriptural. We deem the integrity of the home indis- 
pensable at any cost. 

16. Let the mothers of each congregation form a Mothers’ Council under 
whose direction the mothers will all study the Sunday-school lesson with 
their children. Let them meet during the Sunday-school hour in class, not 
simply to recite, but te discuss their problems and to study child psychology 
and eugenics, as far as possible under an expert. Let them secure extension 
lectures on these subjects. 


17. All these are important, but we desire to make our closing words an 


earnest exhortation to all the churches to let none of them replace emphasis 
upon vital, personal religion. There are many agencies tending to detract 
from the sermon and from the evangelizing, teaching, and edifying ministry 
of the church; but we would utterly deplore any movement to give them any 
place but the first in christianizing the social order. A great plant can 
manufacture nothing without motor power, nor can the church bring results 
that count in God’s eyes without the constant inflow of regenerating cur- 
rents from on high. Life must be held greater than any expression of it. 
and God is the source of it. 


COUNTRY CHURCH. ‘ 


THE COUNTRY CHURCH 


In some great day 
The country church 
Will find its voice 
And it will say: 


“T stand in the fields 
Where the wide earth yields 
* Her bounties of fruit and of grain; 
e Where the furrows turn 
Till the plowshares burn 
As they come round and round again; 
Where the workers pray 
With their tools all day 
In sunshine and shadow and rain. 


<5 ties 


ERLE on! 


is eee 


COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 65 


“And I bid them tell 
Of the crops they sell 
And speak of the work they have done; 
I speed every man 
In his hope and plan 
And follow his day with the sun; 
And grasses and trees, 
The birds and the bees 
I know and I feel ev’ry one. 


“And out of it all 
As the seasons fall 
I build my great temple alway; 
I point to the skies 
But my footstone lies 
In commonplace work of the day; 
For I preach the worth 
Of the native earth— 
= To love and to work is to pray.” 
—Liberty H. Bailey. 


COUNTRY PRESS. 
THE COUNTRY PRESS. 


The local rural press ought to have a powerful influence in furthering 
community action. 

Many small rural newspapers are meeting their local needs, and are to be 
considered among the agents that make for an improved country life. 

In proportion as the support of the country newspaper is provided by 
political organizations, hack politicians, and patent medicine advertisements, 
will its power as a public organ remain small and undeveloped.—Liberty 
H. Bailey. 


COUNTY COMMENCEMENTS. 


COUNTY COMMENCEMENTS 


The features of the county commencement may have an illimitable number 
of variations so that every county may have some distinctive features pecu- 
liar to itself. The essential element, however, and the element without which 
it is really not a “commencement,” is the county examination for the candi- 
dates for graduation from the seventh grades of the county public schools. 

This examination is made out by the county superintendent, or by a com- 
mittee appointed by him, to cover in general the work of the prescribed 
course of study for the seventh gradé. Those students of the seventh grades 
who successfully pass it are given a county certificate, admitting them with- 
out further recommendation into the county high schools. This certificate 
furnishes a goal toward which the child in elementary school will strive and 
is a great inspiration to better and more continuous work on his part. 


66 CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


At the same time it has a vigorous standardizing effect on the teachers of 
the county. If a teacher’s work has been lax, her pupils will largely fail or 
make a very low showing on this examination, and thus it tends to pull her 
work up to astandard. At the same time it assures a better knowledge of the 
course of study and of the individual subjects in that course, and it has a 
great value in suggesting to her the kinds of questions she should ask the 
pupils and in showing the relative importance of the different phases of a 
subject. 

THE PARADE. 

The parade is the striking feature of the commencement, but whereas the 
examination exerts its influence on the schools themselves, standardizing 
teachers and inspiring pupils, the parade has its greatest effect upon public 
sentiment. It jars the business men of the community out of their lethargy 
and awakens them to a conception of the vast, pressing, and everlasting noes 
of public education. 

An average of between two.and four thousand children assemble and march 
in these parades, school by school, township by township, bands playing, 
banners flying, and the light of a great inspiration shining on their bright 
young faces. Such a procession is a spectacle fit for the gods and no one 
who has ever seen it will be able to forget it. Men all over the State, after 
seeing such parades, have declared that they ‘didn’t know there were so 
many kids in the world” and have wondered if they ought not to have 
twice as much tax money as they are getting for their education. 


OTHER FEATURES. 


Other events of the commencement day, and all of them of great infiuence 
upon both pupils and public, are the exhibits, the declamations and recita- 
tions, the debates, the athletic events, and any number of other kinds of 
contests. The essential benefit of all these features lies in the spirit of 
rivalry and school loyalty on the part of the children and increased eee 
in these lines of athletic and literary endeavor. 

The exhibits are arranged according to schools, are placed in some con- 
venient public hall for the continuous inspection of the public, and prizes are 
awarded to the best exhibits, both school and individual. The prize winners 
are then sent to represent the county at the State Fair in Raleigh. Wood- 
work, arts and crafts, and domestic science in the schools are greatly en- 
couraged by these exhibits. 

Prizes are also given for the winners in the athletic and the literary con- 
tests. These contests are usually between township representatives selected 
by preliminary contest, thus extending the influence of the county commence- 


ment back into the townships and the individual districts and spreading the . 


interest in the event over a large part of the year in which the pupils are 
zealously preparing for places in the great county events.—S. 8S. Alderman, 
in the Educational Edition of the News and Observer, 1914. 


COUNTY FAIRS. 


$100 AND A FEW RIBBONS MADE A SUCCESSFUL LOCAL FAIR 


Mr. John W. Robinson, of the Catawba County Fairs, gives the following 
interesting story of their 1918 fair: 


ites 


PP ee 5 


rere 


i al 


5 


CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 67 


Just a month previous to our county fair we learned that Hickory would do 
nothing toward a fair this year. 

But the farmers have become so interested in our free agricultural fair 
that they decided nevertheless to have a one-day fair. 

We selected our rural town, Star Town, three miles from Newton, as the 
location. There we have a nice, large high school building, a beautiful oak 
grove and plenty of wood and pasture land at our disposal. 

With only $100 we decided to try holding a fair with nicely printed blue 


-and red ribbons as the only prizes except a few specials. The best Farm 


Women’s Club display was given $3. Best judging by boys under 17 years 
of age, $3. Best judging by girls under 17 years of age, $3. And best rural 


school attendance at the fair, $7.50; second, $5; third $2.50. Best baby boy, 


$5; best baby girl, $5; according to the rules. of the “Better Babies” 
score card. 

This fair was held October 30, and was a success beyond our dreams. 
Never has there been seen in Catawba County, in the rural districts, such a 
large crowd, and so much self-confidence and enthusiasm among the farmers. 
All seemed to wear this expression, ‘“‘We’re going to have a successful agri- 
cultural fair in Catawba if we don’t have the money.” 

There was more livestock shown than at any previous fair in the county. 

About 50 fine show horses and mules; about the same number of cattle, all 
pure-bred, mostly Jerseys, and the blue ribbon cows from the State Fair; 
25 hogs, ete. Poultry, field and garden crops of excellent quality but only a 
few exhibits. 
The fancy work and the pantry displays were equal to any fair and there 
were quite a lot of old relics. The Club Work Department was especially 
fine, so many mottoes, and information as to what they stand for tacked up 
everywhere. 

The “Better Babies” show was the center of interest for the ladies. There 
was not time to examine half of those entered. 

The foregoing is certainly a most interesting report and should inspire 
readers in other counties who think they can’t hold a fair. A few deter- 
mined men in any county can inspire a fair next year. It doesn’t take much 
cash: a small admission fee will provide for the really necessary prize money. 
It is winning, even if only a blue ribbon, which pleases. 

The following counties held fairs in 1913: Alamance, Anson, Avery, Beau- 
fort, Buncombe, Catawba, Craven, Cumberland, Durham, Edgecombe, Forsyth, 
Granville, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Johnston, McDowell, Mecklenburg, 
Moore, Rowan, Stanly, Union, Watauga, Wilkes. The following additional 
counties held fairs in 1912, Burke, Davidson, Pasquotank, Pitt, Randolph, and 
the Toe Fair at Spruce Pine, for Avery, Mitchell, and Yancey, will be held 
in 1914. 


COUNTY PUBLIC SERVICE. 


LET THE COUNTY RECOGNIZE AND HONOR PUBLIC SERVICE 


We must begin to give greater public recognition to the things that make 
for human betterment and community progress instead of “making a great 
miration,” as Uncle Remus would say, over the unfruitful activities of politi- 
cians and society leaders. It is better worth while to make the best corn 


68 CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


yield in your county than it is to be elected sheriff; it is a greater honor to 
lead in a movement for improving the roads of your county than it is to be 
the county chairman; it is better to make the schools of your county really 
efficient than it is to have LL.D. put after your name. 

In line with what we have been saying let us make this suggestion for your 
next county fair: that you have certificates awarded—either through a com- 
mittee of twenty or fifty citizens or by any other means that may be satisfac- 
tory—somewhat as follows: 

1. To the man who has done most for the improvement of the roads of (he 
county during the preceding twelve months. 

2. To the person who has done most for the improvement of the schools 
during the preceding twelve months. 

3. To the man who has done most to improve farming methods. 

4. To the man who has done most for improving the public affairs of the 
county. 

5. To the person who has done most to improve health conditions. 

6. To the man who has done most for the industrial development of. the 
county. 

7. To the person who has done most in improving the moral conditions of 
the county. 

8. To the person who has done most for the benefit of the country women; 
for the person who has done most to promote rural cooperation in the county. 
—Progressive Farmer. 


DEBATING SOCIETIES. 
HELP YOUR BOYS ORGANIZE A DEBATING SOCIETY 


North Carolina boys have a genius for debating. That talent is being 
cultivated in various ways in every section of the State. One tremendous 
stimulus has been the High School Debating Union of the University in 
which 150 schools were enrolled in 1913-14. 

If your community has not organized a society, write the Debating Union 
at Chapel Hill for its bulletin on Public Discussion and Debate. It gives 
complete plans and details. This is the way a society was organized at 
Cameron. The story is by “W. H. J.” in the Progressive Farmer: 

“Last January all the boys were invited to meet at the schoolhouse on a 
certain night for the purpose of organizing a debating society. Now this 
seemed a treat to the boys to know that the men were interested enough in 
us to ask us to meet them to organize a society of our own. 

“A man who had been a member of a debating society when he was a boy 
made a short speech and some of the things he talked about were that we 
boys would be men some day and in order to fit ourselves for the varied 
duties of life we should cultivate a correct mode of speaking and qualify 
ourselves by practice to express our thoughts in public in a clear manner. 
He also said he knew of a little school house down in Union County where 
such a society was organized when he was growing up and that community 
had sent more men out in the world who are filling high positions today than 
any other part of the State he knew of. 

“So, after hearing his words of encouragement we decided this must be 
a good thing and the result was we all joined. We named our society the 
‘Jeffersonian Literary Society.’ 


CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 69 


“Our society has been a success from the first, for every member seemed to 
take a great interest in it. We began debating on easy subjects, and have 
had several public debates and each time the committeemen declare they 
never saw so much improvement in boys in their life. 

“We charged a small fee to join and this was put in the treasury to bear 
expenses such as lamps, oil, etc. 

“We have a debate every other Friday night, and a public debate occa- 
sionally. 

“T certainly think this is a grand thing and it is doing a vast amount of 
good, besides the pleasure we derive from it.” 


EXTENSION LECTURES AND CHAUTAUQUAS. 
PLAN FOR A CHAUTAUQUA THIS YEAR 


Two methods of instruction newly employed in the State, or employed upon 
a new, organized basis, have been those by extension and Chautauqua lec- 


' turers. From the instantaneous success of the Chautauquas in Greensboro, 


s 


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Tarboro, and a half dozen other North Carolina cities, the growth and perma- 
nency of this movement is assured. A number of cities have already com- 
pleted arrangements for next year and others are working out plans. 

On a less extensive scale lecturers have been sent from the University, 
upon invitation, to present topics of the day to clubs, schools, and public 
audiences. In a number of places a series of three or more lectures were 
given and a total of 132 were delivered during the year. Other institutions 
than the University also offered lectures. Has your community taken ad- 
vantage of these means of popular education? 


FARM DEMONSTRATION AGENTS. 
HAS YOUR COUNTY FARM DEMONSTRATION WORK? 


On September 1, 1914, the following counties, under the general direction 
of Mr. C. R. Hudson, of Raleigh, N. C., provided for special farm demonstra- 
tion agents for a part or the whole of their time: 

Alamance, Anson, Beaufort, Bladen, Buncombe, Cabarrus, Caswell, Cald- 
well, Catawba, Chatham, Cleveland, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland, David- 
son, Durham, Edgecombe, Forsyth, Franklin, Gates, Gaston, Granville, 


Greene, Guilford, Halifax, Henderson, Hertford, Iredell, Lee, Lenoir, Macon, 


Martin, Mecklenburg, Mitchell, Montgomery, Moore, New Hanover, Orange, 
Pender, Randolph, Richmond, Robeson, Rockingham, Rowan, Sampson, Scot- 
land, Stanly, Surry, Stokes, Union, Vance, Wake, Warren, Wilkes, Wilson, 
Yadkin, Yancey. 


FARM-LIFE SCHOOLS. 
THE FARM-LIFE SCHOOL 
The farm-life school, in this State, is a first-class rural high school, in 
which the regular prescribed high school course of study is followed, with 


the addition of faculty and equipment necessary for giving efficient and prac- 
tical instruction in farming and general farm management to the boys and 


70 CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


courses in sewing, cooking, domestic science, and country home-making to 
the girls. The essentials of a cultural high school course are taught, but 
with them are blended practical courses of life utility. : 

The school has a male principal, and he, or another specially trained man, 
is the head of the farm-life department of the school and gives instruction 
to the boys in practical scientific farming. A well trained woman is the head 
of the farm-life instruction for the girls. In connection with the school is a 
school farm, of not less than ten, usually twenty-five or more, acres. This 
farm is the laboratory and the boys work on it to study agriculture as a 
chemist studies chemistry with his test tubes and phials. 

But the farm-life school is much more than an institution for the instruc- 
tion of youth, though this is its prime intention. It is the clearing house for 
agricultural ideas for the community. The school farm becomes the demon- 
stration farm for the entire community and county. The faculty expert does 
extensive demonstration work among the adult farmers, conducts farmers’ 
institutes, and is in every way the inspiration and agent of better farming in 
the county. The influence of the school spreads as a leaven of uplift through 
the entire county and the results which it achieves are incalculable.—S. S. 
Alderman, of the State Department of Education, in the Educational Edition 
of the News and Observer, 1914. 


HISTORICAL PAGEANTS. 
SUGGESTED PAGEANTS FOR COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


What episode in the history of your city, town, or county is susceptible of 
presentation by means of tableau, pageant, or drama? This is a question 
which Mrs. Eugene Reilley, of Charlotte, delegate to the St. Louis Pageant 
and Masque last spring, and Dr. Archibald Henderson, president of the 


State Literary and Historical Association, are asking with the hope that . 


many episodes of State history will be presented in the form of a pageant 
during Community Service Week. 

The University Summer School for three years has given practical de- 
monstration of how this may be done effectively. In 1912, Esther Wake, 
a play based on the story of the Regulators, was splendidly given. In 1913, 
the students from the various colleges of the State gave pictures or scenes 
typical of their special campus life. Guilford College won first prize for the 
representation of an old-fashioned Quaker wedding. This year Davenport 
College won prominence by reproducing an incident in Caldwell County 
history in which Daniel Boone appeared as hero. Oxford College students 
acted the part of a Ku Klux Klan. Salem girls reénacted the visit of General 
Washington to Salem in 1791, while the State Normal girls appeared in a 
beautiful series of Civil War scenes. 

One big consideration here is that these scenes can be worked out quickly. 
Practice at the University consumed only a few minutes daily for ten days. 
The school children, the college girls, and the women’s clubs can add greatly 
to the effectiveness of Community Service Week if they will carry out 
this idea. 

Dr. Henderson suggests the following themes for presentation: For Wil- 
mington, The Revolt Against the Stamp Act; for Edenton, The Ladies’ Tea 
Party; for Greensboro, the Battle of Guilford Courthouse; for Winston-Salem, 


— ae ee 


BAS TG: POF Stay yy 


COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK Tak 


the Founding of the Academy; for Salisbury, Episodes from the Careers of 
Daniel Boone and the Pioneers; for Charlotte, the Mecklenburg Declaration 
of Independence, etc.; for other communities, local episodes. 


INSURANCE. 
FARMERS’ MUTUAL INSURANCE 


According to the last annual report of the Farmers’ Mutual Insurance 
Association of Catawba and Burke counties, organized in 1901, the amount 
of insurance in force was $1,786,890. Of this amount $1,217,870 was carried 
by Catawba farmers, and $569,020 by Burke farmers. New insurance to the 
amount of $261,930 was written last year. The assessments have been only 
15 cents on the $100 annually since the year 1905. A farmer can carry in- 
surance in this Mutual Association for $1.50 per thousand. The assess- 
ments for the last year amounted to $2,496.07. The association carries in the 
treasury about twelve hundred dollars so that losses can be met promptly. 
There was paid out for the year ending July 1 for losses, $1,934.35. The 
expenses for doing business for the year included taxes, salaries, postage, 
etc., amounted to about $800. There are at present 2,268 members of this 


association, a gain of 268 within the last twelve months. All losses have 


been adjusted satisfactorily and the association is in a healthy condition and 
growing. The last assessment just sent out for this year amounts to only 15 
cents on the hundred dollars. 

This is practically the cheapest insurance a farmer can get, and it 
provides the features of safeness with that of low cost. 

Are the farmers in your county enjoying fire protection at this low rate? 
Why not? 


MOONLIGHT SCHOOLS. 


“MOONLIGHT” SCHOOLS IN KENTUCKY 


The object of the “Moonlight” schools of Kentucky is the reduction of 
adult illiteracy. The story of the attempt begun in September, 1911, by 
Mrs. Cora Wilson Stewart, Superintendent of Schools in Rowan County, Ky., 
and her associates, follows. 

Having studied carefully the conditions of the county, Mrs. Stewart de- 
cided to open night schools for adults on moonlight nights in the public 
schoolhouses of the county. She outlined her plan to the teachers and called 
for volunteers. All the teachers of the county responded. On Labor Day, 
September 4, 1911, these teachers visited the homes of the people through- 
out the county, explained the plan, and announced that moonlight schools 
would be opened the next evening. It was expected that the response would 
be slow, but more than 1,200 men and women from 18 to 86 years old were 
enrolled the first evening. They came trooping over the hills and out of the 
hollows, some to add to the meagre education received in the inadequate 
schools of their childhood, some to receive their first lessons in reading and 
writing. Among these were not only illiterate farmers and their illiterate 
wives, sons, and daughters, but also illiterate merchants or “storekeepers,” 
illiterate ministers, and illiterate lumbermen. Mothers, bent with age, came 
that they might learn to read letters from absent sons and daughters, and 


72 CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 
that they might learn for the first time to write to them. Almost one-third 
of the population of the county was enrolled. 

In September, 1912, a “moonlight school” teachers’ institute was held in 
Morehead, Ky., and the superintendent and teachers who had conducted the 
first moonlight schools instructed others who wished to do work of this kind 
in Rowan and adjoining counties, and in the fall of 1912 the movement 
spread to eight or ten other counties, while the enrollment of adults in 
Rowan county reached nearly 1,600. 

The success of the men and women proves that it is not so difficult for 
illiterate grown-ups to learn to read and write as is generally supposed. 
They learn in a very short time, if given the opportunity. Reading, writing, 
and arithmetic are simple subjects when mature minds are concentrated 
upon them. One man, aged 30, after four lessons in the evening school, wrote 
the county superintendent a legible letter. Another man, aged 50, wrote a 
legible letter after seven nights’ attendance. A woman, aged 70, wrote a 
legible letter after eight nights of study. These cases are, of course, excep- 
tional; but experience has shown that a few weeks’ attendance at the night 
schools has been sufficient to enable the adult pupils to pass over the dark 
line of illiteracy and to get into the class of literates. Several succeeded in 
securing a Bible, which had been offered as a prize by the superintendent to 
those who would learn to write a letter during the first two weeks of the 
moonlight school term. 


One of the significant facts brought out in this experiment is that adults 


of limited education have taken advantage of the opportunity to return to 
school and to increase their knowledge. Of the 1,600 adult pupils attending 
night school during the second term, 300 were unable to read and write at 
all, 300 were from those who had learned in September, 1911, and 1,000 were 
men and women of meagre education. 

The change in the attitude of the community toward the school, where 
the night school has been undertaken, is in itself significant. A school 
trustee thus describes the change in his community: 

“T have lived in this district for 55 years and I never. saw any such interest 
as we have here now. The school used to just drag along, and nobody 
seemed interested. We never had a gathering at the school, and nobody 
thought of visiting the school. We had not had night school but three weeks 
until we got together right. We papered the house, put in new windows, 
purchased a new stovepipe, made new steps, and bought the winter’s fuel. 

“Now we have a live Sunday school, a singing school, prayer meeting once 
each week, and preaching twice a month. People of all denominations in 
the district meet and worship together in perfect unity and harmony, aged 
people come regularly, and even people from the adjoining county are be- 
ginning to come.” 4 


NEIGHBORHOOD MEETINGS. 
HAVE A “HARVEST HOME DAY” IN YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD 


When we found out through our County Commissioner of Agriculture that 
the State did not intend to give us an institute this summer, he suggested 
that we hold one of our own by self help. So the Farmers’ Union and the 
United Farm Women of the distrigt with the help of the commissioner went to 
work and arranged a “Harvest Home Day” at our schoolhouse. We decided, 


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CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 73 


first, that the talks should be only ten minutes each, and then arranged a 
_ program which was carried out as follows: 


1. The introduction was by Mr. Lutz, chairman of our school committee. 
He showed how much we had improved our farm and livestock, but had 
neglected the most important crop—the children. 

2. “The Christian Spirit in the Country,’ Rev. W. W. Rowe. He warned 
us of putting on the Christian Spirit on Sunday then dropping it off the. re- 
mainder of the week. 

8. “The Rural Church,” Rev. B. L. Stroup. He said in his church the 
strongest congregations were found in the country, but to make it better, the 
pastor should live in the rural district and help in its progress. 

4. “The Rural Sunday School,’ W. J. Shuford. He showed us the impor- 
tance of training the Sunday School children in making better citizens. 

5. “Why a Boy Should Attend the Agricultural College,” Oscar Seitz. He 
is a farm boy just back from the A. and M. College, where he worked his own 
way through, and gave the. boys some sound advice. 

6. “The Farm Boy in Town and the Town Boy on the Farm,” Paul Yoder. 
He is a town boy in the sophomore class at college and working during his 
vacation on the farm. He showed the disadvantages of a country boy going 
to town and the advantages of a town boy in the country physically, morally 
and financially. 

7. “The Duty of the Farmer to his Children as to School and Colleges.” 
The speaker was absent. : 

Then followed picnic dinner, after which came the following evening 
program. 

1. “The Duty of the Teacher in the Rural Schools,’ Superintendent Geo. 
H. Long. He told us her duty was not only to teach books but she should 
be broad-minded in other respects, and if we had an eight-month school and 
paid the teachers more money, our teachers would prepare themselves better 
and there would be more engaged in teaching. 

2. “The Health of the Children in the Home School,” Dr. Blackburn. He 
said the baby always had a bath when it was born but often it was neglected 
afterward, and gave us other splendid suggestions about hygiene. 

3. “The Preparation of the School Lunch,” Mrs. Bost. A very instructive 


' paper on this subject. 


4. “The Proper Clothing for School Children,’ Mrs. Yates Killian. She 
showed the importance of neat, suitable clothing instead of fine fussy school 
clothes. 

5. “The School Room and its Arrangement,” Miss Setzer. She gave some 
good directions how the floors should be kept, position of desks, fresh air, 
pictures, etc. 

6. “The Woman’s Club in the Country,” Mrs. John Robinson. She showed 
how the women could be a great help in community betterment, not as some 
of our sisters by smashing windows, bearing all sorts of self-inflicted punish- 
ments, but in a quiet and ladylike manner. 

7. “How the Mother Can Work with the Teacher in the Rural Schools,” 
Mrs. Gordon Wilfong. She said no one knew what to do, but that we must 
all study the child problem together. Each must work out her own problems. 

8. “The Community Spirit,” H. K. Foster, County Commissioner of Agri- 
culture. He told us it was the duty of each one to see that our laws were 
carried out in full; that was the foundation, and by enforcing them we could 


74 CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


find out the good and bad laws, whether they suited or not. He pleaded for 
a Christian community spirit. 

9. “A Rural Survey in the Killian’s School District,’ John W. Robinsaa! 
He presented the survey that the Farmers’ Union had taken for the better- 
ment of the community. 

The day was greatly enjoyed by about 500 people. The place was ideal for 
a picnic dinner, one of the best churches and one of the best schoolhouses in 
the county stand facing each other with the public road between and sur- 
rounded by beautiful groves. The surrounding country is a typical dairying 
section and the people supposed to be very progressive, but I believe only an 
average community if all district censuses were compared.—Mrs. John W. 
Robinson. 


PARKS. 
CHILDREN’S PARK DONATED 


Gastonia’s new park was formerly dedicated to the pleasure and happiness 
of the thousands of children of the city yesterday afternoon with appropriate 
exercises. Hon. Stonewall Durham in behalf of Mr. R. B. Babington, the 
donor of the park, presented the new play-ground to the children and citizens 
of the city as a gift of one of Gastonia’s most public-spirited citizens. 

The new park contains about two acres of splendid native woodland, a 
growth of hickory trees and other varieties that make the place picturesque 
and inviting as a place of rest and recreation.—Gastonia Highlander. 

During the past year Wilmington has also received a park from Mr. and 
Mrs. Hugh MacRae. The tract is 153 acres in area, is 591 feet on the car 
line, and extends back through a beautiful pine forest about two-thirds of a 
mile to a pretty little lake. 


PLAY AND GAMES. 
PLAY AND RECREATION 


The following suggestions on play and recreation for ‘North Carolina 
Day” in every public school have been made by Richard T. Wyche, a former 
North Carolinian, now President of the Story Tellers’ League of America. 

Since a part of the programs for community service week is given to rec- 
reation, what means shall we use that we may get the best results? 

I propose that we utilize the deep race instincts. for games, songs, and 
story-telling. All races have their folk-games, folk-songs, and folk-stories, 
a conserving and refining influence that has come down to us from the 
childhood of the world. : 

What games shall we play? I would say the old games, rythmic games, 
group games, singing games, handed down by our ancestors. These are 
games that all can play together, fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters and 
neighbors; in homes, school, or play-grounds. Base-ball, basket ball, etc., 
are good, but only a few can play while the balance look on. 

Most people who come to a picnic or social gathering play some kind of 
games, but they do not always play to the best advantage. While the widest 
range for free play should be allowed, several practical leaders, who know 
well a dozen or more good games, should take hold of the crowd, put the 
little children in several groups, the middle sized in others, and grown people 


ee 


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a a he a a, a 


CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK (3) 


in still another group. They soon could have five hundred people playing 


_ to the best advantage and the place resounding with sounds of mirth. 


Below I give a few of the old singing games that belong to a large group 
that cannot be surpassed in, their possibilities for musical, rythmical, and 
dramatic expression, blended with pathos and humor. I have tried them out 
in many places and they are popular with young and old. 

1. Looby Loo. All stand in circle and sing, “I put my right hand in, I put 
my right hand out, I give my right hand a shake, shake, shake, and turn 
myself about.” Then left hand, two hands, right foot, left foot, etc., all sing- 
ing and moving together. 

2. Jolly Miller. One in the center, others in couples, march round singing, 
“Jolly is the Miller that lives by the mill, the wheel goes round with a right 
good will, etc.’ When right steps forward and left back, one in center ‘seizes 
partner. The one left over gets in the center and the game continues as 
at beginning. 

3. Farmer’s in the Dell. 

4. We are marching round the village, go in and out the window, go forth 
and choose your lover, etc. 

5. Oats, peas, beans and barley grow. 

6. Pig in the parlor. “My mother and father are Irish, and I am Irish, too. 
They put the pig in the parlor for he is Irish too. Right hand to your 
partner, left hand to your neighbor, etc.” Tune of “We'll not go home till 
morning.” ; 

Other group games but not sung are: 

1. Cat and Mouse. 2. Fox and Geese. 3. Drop the handkerchief. 4. Pri- 
soners’ Base. 5. Relay races. 6. Tug of war (boys). 7. Helping. Take an 
even number, say ten, let one be “It,” the catcher. That leaves nine, who 
join hands in twos. “It” can catch the odd one, but the group pairs and re- 
pairs so fast that the odd one is never in the same place. When an odd one 
is caught he becomes “It.” Space for running is required. The game appeals 
to grown people and children over twelve. 

After people have played games and by deep breathing renewed their blood 
with oxygen, increased the circulation, eliminated poison, laughed together, 
become free, social and democratic, they are ready to sing together. Their 
voices are strong and resonant. 

Let them sit down and sing such songs as “Suwanee River,” “Juanita,” 
“Old Black Joe,” “Dixie,” “Old Kentucky Home,” “Annie Laurie,’ Glee Club 
songs and negro melodies such as “Swing, Low, Sweet Chariot.” 

Story telling would probably be the most spontaneous and social way of 
spending the remainder of the time. It might begin with the telling of short 
anecdotes by a number and followed by folk stories, such as Uncle Remus, 
History and hero stories, Indian stories, fairy stories, stories of love and 
romance. The story telling should be sincere, natural, creative, and no 
ambitious or cranky person should be permitted to monopolize the whole 
time. Parents, teachers, and frequently children can contribute to the de- 
light of the story hour. ° 

The fundamental principle for games, songs and story telling is that ex- 
pression is life, suppression is death. Every child, man and woman must 
have some way of expressing his life and contributing to the joy of the 
occasion. We grow by giving. 'That being the case, every school, home and 
church should have its playground, song and story hour. Every school 


76 CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


should have a playground of from two to ten acres according to its size. 
Teachers should play and lead the children in group games. It would 
greatly build up their health and unite teacher and pupil in good fellow- — 
ship. \No teacher should be permitted to teach who could not and would not 


play. 


PLAYGROUNDS. 
A PLAYGROUND FOR RALEIGH 


Raleigh has led the way in North Carolina in providing adequate play- 
ground facilities for its children. The following extracts from a letter from 
one actually engaged in the work indicate the progress made in this very 
important matter: 

Some months ago several prominent citizens of the city became interested 
in providing public forms of recreation. The movement was agitated and a 
field agent of The National Playground and Recreation Association was 
secured for the purpose of visiting Raleigh and determining the need and 
the manner of securing necessary funds to carry out a definite system of 
playgrounds. 

For five weeks the field secretary was busily engaged in making a survey 
of the city. He also organized the young people and circulated a petition 
which was submitted to the City Commissioners. The Commissioners heartily 
endorsed the movement and willingly provided, or appropriated, $2,500.00 
as a fund to be used in the furtherance of the work. 

Realizing the necessity of organization in this movement the City Com- 
missioners appointed a Playground Commission, which is composed of the 
President of the Chamber of Commerce, President of the Merchants’ Associa- 
tion, President of the Woman’s Club, Police Justice, and a member of the 
School Board, to be elected by the School Board. This Playground Commis- 
sion has direct supervision of the work. 

At their first meeting, the Commission gave the City Supervisor $500.00 
for the erection of the first playground. The School Board readily granted 
the use of the school grounds as sites. Apparatus has been ordered and we 
expect to open the first outdoor center in about two weeks. Aside from this, 
we expect as the cold days come on to open indoors at convenient places. 

Raleigh is proud of the fact that she is one of the few cities in the South 
to make provision for year round recreation. The Commission has engaged 
the services of a man trained in this work and hopes to do great things in the 
way of promoting social and industrial efficiency as well as providing for more 
wholesome fun for the community as a whole. 

Spalding apparatus for the first Playground will be as follows: 

A set of six swings. 

One set of baby hammocks. 

One horizontal bar. 

One all-steel slide, twenty-four feet long. 

One set of traveling rings. 

One steel giant stride. 

There will also be a jumping pit, see saws, basket ball and tennis courts. 
All the apparatus will be erected on steel frame work, which is to be set in 


a 


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CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 17 


concrete. Basket ball grounds are being erected on all the Grammar School 
grounds. An inter-school winter league will be organized and various con- 


tests will be scheduled. 


PUBLIC HHALTH. 


COMMUNITY HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR FRIDAY, DECEMBER 4 


1. See that the school is properly ventilated wth window ventilators and 
the room heated with a jacketed stove as described in the bulletin prepared 
by the State Department of Public Instruction and furnished upon request 
to any interested person. Also get rid of the common drinking cup and 
roller towel, substituting for these conveyors of infection the suggestions of 
the above publication. . 

2. See that the school well is properly constructed and that the school is 
provided with sanitary privies as described in the bulletin issued on School 
Buildings and Grounds, prepared by the State Department of Education. 

3. Appoint a committee to arrange, with the advice and assistance of the 
State Board of Health, for a community meeting early next spring to con- 
sider measures for the relief or eradication of the fly nuisance. 

4. Inquire into the teaching of subjects of sanitation and hygiene in the 
school, and unless these subjects are emphasized, insist that the principal 
of the school give them the important place in the classes that they deserve. 

5. Appoint a committee to consider the problem of a community physician. 


‘Write the State Board of Health for particulars. 


6. As a means to all of the above, and as the first essential and remedy 
necessary for the application of all other remedies, work to secure a whole 
time county health officer in your county, which is the best step in the 


- direction of efficient county health administration, and from which all com- 


munities of the county will profit and by which the above sanitary sugges- 
tions for your own community may be more surely and easily carried out. 
See plan discussed in Bulletin No. 27, of the State Board of Health. If you 
are interested in this matter, write for this bulletin at once and for any 


- further information that may be desired. 


A MORE EFFICIENT TYPE OF RURAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 
I 


PURPOSES. 


1. To give country children a broader and more intelligent acquaintance 
with country life. 

2. To give them a more genuine appreciation of and satisfaction with 
country life. 

3. To give them more adequate training and preparation for a more remun- 
erative, more effective, and a more satisfying life in the country. 

4. To develop a rural community life that is industrially more effective, 
and that is socially, morally, and intellectually more efficient. 


78 COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


II. 
METHOD. 


1. To increase the territory of the one-teacher school district from approxi- 
mately nine square miles to twenty or twenty-five square miles. ; 

2. To provide a school site of not less than six or eight acres, thereby fur- 
nishing ample space for playground and demonstration farm work. 


3. A three-room school building with ample auditorium—building comfort- 


able, attractive, equipped with comfortable seats, modern blackboards, maps, 
globes, and well selected library for pupils and teacher. 

4. Three competent and well trained teachers with male principal. 

5. The community furnishes permanent home for principal and with him 
his two assistant teachers. 

6. Principal gives two years of High School instruction, supervises and 
directs the work of his two assistants through the observation of their work, 
private conferences, well planned and regularly conducted teachers’ meetings. 

7. Principal organizes boys in the school above fifth grade into a Boys’ 
Farm Life Club. By means of text-books on agriculture, agricultural bulletins 
and the school demonstration farm, the boys are given practical instruction 
in better farming, better business, and better living upon the farm. For 
the particular crop grown upon the school farm, a specially prepared course 
of study is provided furnishing a continuous series,of lessons and activities 
throughout the year. : 

8. After the school closes, the Farm Life Club meets at their school farm 
once or twice each week at the call of the principal. or county farm demon- 
strator to study the particular needs of the crop at that time and to do the 
cultivation necessary. 

9. The first assistant to the principal organizes the girls in the school above 
the fifth grade into a Home-Life Club, giving them practical instruction on 
their school demonstration plot in making the home garden, preserving the 
products for home use and for marketing. They are also given practical in- 
struction in raising better poultry, in sewing, cooking, home sanitation, and 
hygiene. For their work in growing tomatoes, a specially prepared course of 
study is provided furnishing a series of continuous lessons and activities 
during the year. 

“10. The second assistant to the principal organizes the boys and girls in 
the school above fifteen years of age and the young men and young women 
of the community into a singing club. She directs and supervises their 
work and aids them in preparing musical entertainments to be given at the 
school several times during the school term. This teacher also organizes 
the young women and the mothers of the community into a Betterment 
Association for making more attractive the school building and school 
grounds. Through tactful suggestions she will aid the women in their plan- 
ning to make their individual homes more beautiful and more desirable. 

11. The county farm demonstrator meets with the principal and members 
of the Farm Life Club two or three times each month, takes an active part in 
their class room discussions, in their experiments and gives them the advan- 
tage of his practical skill and knowledge in their actual work upon their 
school farm. In a word, he is an effective assistant to the principal and the 
Farm Life Club, studies, and school farm work. 


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CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 79 


- 12. If the principal does not own his home in the community, and is absent 
during the summer months, then the members of the Farm Life Club elect 
the county farm demonstrator to become their leader during the summer, and 
he calls them to meet once or twice each week to study the needs of their 
crop and to do the cultivation necessary. This county farm demonstrator 
bears the same relation to the girls in the Home-Making Club, in the growing 
of tomatoes on their school farm that he bears to the boys in their school 
farm work. 

13. The Tomato Club worker is to be the first assistant and be to the mem- 
bers of the girls’ club what the county farm demonstrator is to the principal 
and to the Boys’ Farm Life Club. She will be present at the weekly meetings 
of the girls’ club two or three times each month and take an active interest 
in their discussions in growing tomatoes. In a word, in this work she is a 


‘valuable assistant to the first assistant in the school. 


14. The auditorium is the common meeting place for the people of the 
entire community. In this auditorium are held neighborhood spelling 
matches, declamations, and debates. Here are given musical entertainments, 
illustrated lectures, addresses on topics of most vital interest to the com- 
munity. Here the mothers of this larger community plan improvements in 
the school building and school grounds, plan improvements in the beauty and 
efficiency of their individual homes, and here the members of the farmers’ 
union meet to discuss better farming, better business, and better living upon 
the farm. 


RURAL SCHOOL SUPERVISORS. 


HOW A COUNTY RURAL SCHOOL SUPERVISOR CAN HELP 


Two tasks to which the Department of Education of the State is devoting 
itself are (1) the provision of more adequate rural school supervision and 
(2) the development of a more efficient type of rural elementary school. 
The accomplishment of these two tasks has been attempted through the 


- employment of expert women as rural school supervisors, six of whom were 


employed in six counties last year. The following extracts taken from Mr. 
L. C. Brogden’s report indicate the character of the work. 

No supervisor is given the direction of more than ten rural schools an- 
nually. These are selected in representative parts of the county and become 
demonstration schools in showing what a really efficient elementary school 
can do in meeting the needs and demands of the country child. 


METHODS OF THE SUPERVISOR’S WORK. 


1. Having but ten schools to supervise it is practicable for the supervisor to 
visit each school often enough and to remain long enough on each visitation 
to become well acquainted with the teacher’s needs whether in better organi- 
zation and management of the school, or in the actual teaching of the subjects 
in the course of study. 

2. Re-organizing and re-directing the work of the school to meet the practi- 
cal needs of the country child through practical and systematic training in 
agriculture, cooking, sewing, home sanitation, and through the organization 
of music clubs for the boys and girls in the school. 


80 CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


3. Organizing the women of the community into Betterment Associations 
and directing their work in making the school grounds more attractive and 
sanitary, in making the school building more comfortable and attractive, and 
in providing for it more adequate equipment. 

4. It is also practicable for this supervisor to visit each of her ‘Special 

Communities” and remain long enough to become well acquainted and 
identified with the people. In promoting the voting of local tax, and in the 
consolidation of weak schools with larger and stronger schools, these super- 
visors have already been able to render an appreciable service. 
_ 5. In selecting these ten schools, we have endeavored to select them with 
reference to their possibilities of becoming larger and more efficient schools. 
For example, a one-teacher school may be so situated that it is possible for 
it to become an absorption center, extend its boundary lines, increase the — 
size of its taxable unit, and develop into a two-, three-, or four-teacher school. 
In communities where the possibilities seem to justify it we are holding up 
the three-teacher type of rural elementary school as the minimum type for 
vital efficiency. 


RURAL SCHOOL THACHERS. 


TRY A COUNTY HONOR ROLL FOR TEACHERS 


Mr. C. C. Wright, superintendent of public instruction in Wilkes, has 
adopted a county honor roll for the stimulation of the teachers in his © 
county. He finds as a result it has caused some teachers to organize Boys’ 
Corn Clubs and Girls’ Domestic Science Clubs, to prepare exhibits for the 
next county fair, to observe special days in the school, to join the Teachers’ 
Reading Circle, to subscribe to educational journals, to secure funds for 
supplementary libraries, to improve the school houses and grounds, to visit 
the patrons of the school, and to do many other things which have promoted 
the social and educational development of the county. 

Suppose you have your county superintendent adopt it for the coming 
year. Let him place on it the names of those teachers who answer 70 per 
cent of the following questions affirmatively: 

1. Are you a member of the Teachers’ Association? 

. Are you a member of the Teachers’ Reading Circle? 
. Did you attend the Township Teachers’ Meeting for the current year? 
. Did you attend the last Teachers’ Institute held in your county? 
. Do you own desk copies of the text books which you are required by law 
to teach in the public schools of the State? 
-6. Do you read any educational journal? If so, what? 

7. Have you raised any funds this year for any purpose? If so, state what 
and the amount raised. 

8. Have you improved the house and grounds in any way? If so, state in 
what way and to what extent. 

9. Have you visited the patrons of your school this term? 

10. Have you held any Parents’ Meetings, Debates, Spelling Matches, or 
Entertainments this year? 

11. Have you enrolled any Corn Club Boys, or Tomato Girls this year? 

12. Will your school have an exhibit at the next County Fair? 

13. Have you observed Good Roads Day, State History Day, or Washing: 
ton’s Birthday in your school this term? 


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CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 81 


RURAL WOMAN’S CLUB. 


DEVELOPING A MODEL RURAL COMMUNITY 


The housekeepers of Salemburg, Sampson County, are organized into a 
strong Matron’s Club, which is doing very significant work in the way of 
promoting home industries, household management, and general uplift work. 
The entire membership is divided into several working committees, each of 
which is visiting every home in its section of the community for the purpose 


‘of soliciting the codperation of every family in the health campaign, and these 


committees are systematically caring for the sick and suffering in their re- 
spective territories. Very recently the Woman’s Club has organized the young 
ladies of Salemburg into a branch club, the prime purpose of which is to 
promote the cultural side of life, and to codperate with the older Woman’s 
Club in its efforts to establish a community library. It is expected that the 
young ladies will in turn lend their influence and aid to the young girls, who 
have a very interesting industrial club. The women have caught the vision 
and have gone about their part of the work in a way that must give back 
results. r 

The young men have built a tennis court, organized a baseball team and 
also a local band, which will soon be in shape to furnish creditable music for 
the public gatherings in the community. The social life of Salemburg has 
been greatly stimulated by the general quickening of community life and the 
young people are constantly making opportunities to enjoy life through 
wholesome and innocent means.—N. (C. Education. 


SCHOOL FARMS. 


CULTIVATING SCHOOL FARMS IN WAKE COUNTY 


One of the most interesting developments in North Carolina school work 
has been that of the school farm idea as worked out by Superintendent 
Z. V. Judd, of Wake. The story of that development has been made the 
subject of a Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Education, a copy of 
which should be in the hands of every county superintendent in the State. 
It can be secured free by writing to the Commissioner of Education, Washing- 
ton, D. C. 

The school farm is at or near the schoolhouse. It is from two to ten acres 
in size and is worked by a community organization under the direction of a 
farm superintendent. The proceeds go to the school. Such crops are planted 
as are adaptable to the climate and soil and can easily be cultivated by women 
and children as wellas men. In Wake cotton has been planted more than all 
other crops. 

The purpose of the school farm is its most significant feature. It is three- 
fold: 

First, to give the school a new meaning as a factor in the socialization of 
rural life; second, to vitalize school life by the introduction of new practical 
subjects, or by improving the method of teaching old subjects, or by both; 
third, to supplement the school fund. 

The results in Wake have béen striking. In seven years the school farms 
have grown in number from one to twenty-four; in number of persons work- 


4 


82 CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


ing in one year, from a handful at Holly Springs to 2,136; in money returns, 
from $118.28 to $1,550.20. The total clear financial returns from these farms 
during the seven years amounts to more than seven thousand ($7,000.00) 
dollars. The improvement of social conditions in the school farm communi- 
ties has been marked. 

Closely allied with the school farm movement in Wake county is the 
Betterment Work. The Betterment Association has a membership of over 
eight hundred. Last year the contributions of this Association to the public 
schools amounted to only a little less than ten thousand ($10,000.00) dollars. 


SCHOOL LIBRARIES. 


HOW .ONE RURAL SCHOOL LIBRARY HELPED THE NEIGHBORHOOD 


The library of Bunn High School during the session of 1910-11 added nearly 
a hundred books to an already well-stocked case, and, what is more important, 
more than tripled the circulation as compared with previous years. 

At the previous commencement some funds had been raised by giving a 
play, and this sum had been wisely reserved for library purposes. So we at 
once ordered a large bookcase of our own design, costing fifteen dollars. It 
had shelf capacity for more than twice the number of books on hand (about 
200). In placing the books in the new case we catalogued them, using a very 


simple card system by which we were enabled to tell at a glance what books ~ 


were in the library, the name of the author, and the title. We also arranged 
another card system for circulation purposes. Every child in the school was 
given a card, which was kept for him in the case, and each one was then 
made to feel that the card gave him a special right to get a book just when he 
wanted it. The demand picked up at once. Needless to say, the requests for 
books were always promptly attended to by the person in charge—and that 
person was always to be found, too. 

Like most rural libraries ours was woefully wanting in books that appeal 
to children. ‘The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire” was in its proper 
place, but we needed Mother Goose, fairy tales, animal stories, etc. We 
ordered these, we already had Uncle Remus, and besides we ordered fifty 
copies of five-cent classics, published by the Owen Publishing Company of 
Dansville, N. Y. The arrival of these little books was joyfully greeted by 
the children and there was hardly a pupil in school who did not read as many 
as six of them. ° 

Money for buying new books was raised in many ways. The commence- 
ment play has already been mentioned, and there were contributions from in- 
dividuals both of money and of books. Then, too, advantage was taken of 
the funds provided by state and county for supplementary libraries. The 
arrival of any new books was always announced publicly, usually at the 
Sunday school service. The Sunday school meets in the schoolhouse and 
affords an excellent opportunity for distribution of books. 


READING Room FoR YOUNG MEN. 


We now had a circulating library but the interest was confined chiefly to 
the pupils. And a rural library to be a success must extend its usefulness 
to every individual in the community. The problem of interesting young men 
not in school is always a most difficult one, and that which we think ought to 


ee 


COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 83 


attract often drives away. With this problem in mind we determined to 
supplement the library in a way that would interest the young men. A 
reading room naturally suggested itself and we at once put in an order to 
the amount of about $14 for a number of standard weekly and monthly 
magazines, such as the Outlook, World’s Work, Everybody’s Magazine, 
Success, American Boy, Youth’s Companion, Progressive Farmer, and others 
of like class. There were also included all of the free bulletins of the state 
and national departments covering the subjects of agriculture, home econom- 
ics, and health. It was decided to have the reading room open at night, as 
young men in the country work from “sun to sun.” So announcements were 
made in the Sunday school—to which everybody goes—that a reading room 
for the benefit of all the young men of Bunn community and surrounding 
country would be open every Tuesday and Friday nights. All were invited 
to come, and in their working clothes, too. This plan has worked well. 

All the magazines and papers are filed in the bookcase, and, for the benefit 
of the women and stay-at-homes, the children are allowed to take any of them 
home, except the current numbers, and to keep them for a few days. Thus 
the reading matter circulates and the usefulness of the library is felt and 
appreciated throughout the community.—J. M. Broughton, Jr. 


SOCIAL CENTERS. 
A SOCIAL CENTER FOR ROWAN 


Rowan took a forward step Saturday, July, 7, when the county commis- 
sioners decided to make a “social center” out of the old courthouse building. 
This disposition of the building had been urged by a number of citizens since 
the building of the new courthouse and the commissioners decided that 
a social center it should be. A committee consisting of Chairman Trott 
and Messrs. Bailey and Peeler was named to take the matter in hand, look 
after plans and get the work under way. In this building will be a public 
county library, rooms for the farm demonstration work, rest rooms, toilet 
rooms, rooms for other general use of the people of the whole county and 
an auditorium. This will be the only place of the kind in the State and one 
of the very few in the south. 


. TAXATION. 


TAXATION 


Whether the proposed amendment to the State Constitution on taxation is 
passed or not at the November election, taxation will remain for some time 
the supreme question in North Carolina. It is a fundamental question, lying 
at the very foundation of our life. 

If you are working for a longer term for your schools, for the employment 
of a whole-time health officer, for a tax supported public library, for a play- 
ground for the children, for a system of roads that will tie farm and school 
and church and town together, you will find that the fundamental proposi- 
tion upon which these matters will finally stand or fall will be taxation. 
They require money, and taxes supply it. 


Your town, your county, your State, rich in opportunities to go forward, 
are tugging at their cords to break away into a larger usefulness. At present 


84 COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


they cannot break away because the machinery for supplying the taxes is 
totally inadequate. 
Discuss these three questions: 


1. Is all the property in your county which is subject to taxation listed 
on the tax books? 

2. Is it assessed at a price which is just to the individual listing it, to 
the members of his community, to the citizens of the entire county? 

3. Should there be some effectve method by which assessments within the 
county and among the 100 counties of the State should be standardized or 
equalized? 


TRAVELING LIBRARIES. 
TRAVELING LIBRARIES—HOW TO GET ONE FOR YOUR COMMUNITY 


North Carolina maintains through its Library Commission at Raleigh, a 
system of free traveling libraries. General traveling libraries furnish people 
living on farms and in remote communities good books for general reading; 
package libraries provide students and club workers with material for debate 
and club papers; and the reference department of the traveling library 
system supplies reference libraries on special subjects for study clubs. The 
books are free to all and any community may share the advantages of the 
traveling library system by complying with the few regulations necessary to 
its efficient management. 


GENERAL TRAVELING LIBRARIES. 


These libraries of thirty-five or forty volumes are made up of novels and 
stories and of the best and most readable books on various subjects for 
adults and children. They are shipped by freight in a box fitted with shelves 
so that it can be used as a bookcase. A library may be kept for three months 
and, if desired, renewed for one month longer. As soon as one library is 
returned another containing a different collection of books is sent to take 
its place. 


How OBTAINED. 


Any community may obtain a traveling library by securing the signatures 
of at least ten residents who thus form a library association. The associa- 
tion elects a president, a secretary and librarian, and decides where the books 
shall be kept. Ordinarily the post office is the best place as everyone goes 
there, but if this is not feasible the most desirable places are general stores, 
schools and lastly, private homes. 

The application for a traveling library must be made on the cards furnished 
by the Library Commission. If it does not seem desirable to form a library 
association the application may be signed by five tax-payers or by the officers. 
of a Farmers’ Union Local. 

The rules governing the loan of libraries are few and simple. Borrowers 
agree to take good care of the books and that they shall be loaned without 
charge to all responsible persons in the community; to return the library 
promptly; and to pay the freight both from and to Raleigh. 


COMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 85 


AGRICULTURE AND COUNTRY LIFE. 


The reference department of the traveling library system contains a very 
full and good collection of books on Agriculture and Country Life. Single 
volumes are loaned to individuals; upon request a group of six is included in 
a general traveling library; or ten books are loaned to a Farmers’ Union 
Local. ; 

A special collection, called the Farmer’s Library, contains twelve volumes 
of the best and most readable books on Agriculture for North Carolina 
farmers. This Farmer’s Library is loaned to five taxpayers or to a Farmers’ 
Union Local. 

DEBATE LIBRARIES. 


A debate library contains pamphlets, government and State documents, 
magazine articles and several books on a given question. Literature dealing 
with both the affirmative and negative sides of a question is always included 
in every library. These libraries are not loaned to individuals but'to debating 
societies and to rural schools, and the application must be signed by the 
principal of a rural school or by the president and secretary of a debating 
society. 


TREH PLANTING. 


WHAT AND WHERE TO PLANT AROUND NORTH CAROLINA 
SCHOOLHOUSES 
Native trees should usually be selected for planting on school grounds and 
along the country roads. They are procured more easily, grow more readily 
and live longer. Most of our oaks make very handsome shade trees and 
some of them, such as the water oak, shingle oak, and willow oak, grow quite 


rapidly and soon make beautiful trees. Sycamore, sugar maple, beech and 


sweet gum will grow well nearly all over the State, while linn, winged elm, 
and pecan flourish in_most localities. 
Evergreen trees have a restricted value for planting on school grounds 


_ and should be used chiefly either for windbreaks on the north side of build- 


ings, as screens for unsightly objects, or along boundary fences away from 
the road. White pine and hemlock are the conifers best suited to the moun- 
tains, short-leaf pine to the Piedmont, and loblolly pine to eastern North 
Carolina. Evergreens should not be planted too near the schoolhouse—the 
winter sunshine is needed around the house to prevent dampness. Deciduous 
trees are best for general planting, and even they should not be placed too 


near the school building. 


The best shrubs for planting are those which can be secured from the old 
yards and gardens of the neighborhood, or else from a reputable nursery. 
For a screen or hedge, perhaps evergreen privets are most satisfactory. For 
ornamental planting, especially around the schoolhouse, the spirwzas are 
excellent, while deutzia, weigelia, forsythia (golden bell), pyrus japonica 


(burning bush), and althea (rose of Sharon) are well known and appreciated 


hardy shrubs, and will well repay the trouble of planting. The most satis- 


_ factory vine for covering a trellis throughout the winter is the common and 


often despised Japanese honeysuckle. For a brick or stone wall probably 


_ the Boston ivy and the English ivy are the best for most situations, while 
_ for a piazza, wistaria and the Japanese clematis are unsurpassed. 


86 CoMMUNITY SERVICE WEEK 


Shrubs and vines as well as trees will be more likely to do well if a good 
coat of stable manure is spread around them after planting. This not only 
furnishes plant food but keeps the moisture in the soil. _ 

A carefully considered plan of planting should be adopted. The upper 
class children might be allowed to make suggestions. The school grounds 
should furnish playgrounds first of all, so beautifying must not be allowed 
to interfere with the children’s legitimate amusements. There can generally 
be found room for trees and shrubs as well as for the tennis, basket-ball and 
baseball grounds. 

Full instructions for planting shade trees, etc., are given in Bulletin 16, 
“Shade Trees for North Carolina,” which will be sent free of charge by 
applying to the State Geologist, Chapel Hill, N. C. E 


WHOLE-TIME HEALTH OFFICER. 


A WHOLE-TIME HEALTH OFFICER 


Here is what Dr. B. E. Washburn, whole-time health officer for Nash County, 
is doing according to a report submitted to the State Board of Health 
recently: 

There have been 3,458 inoculations of anti-typhoid vaccine during the 
month. Up to date there have been 8,098 people treated with the vaccine. 
Last week he broke the record for one day with 388 inoculations. The record 
for the week was 989. 

The good of all this activity is shown in the fact that in Nash County 
sixteen cases of typhoid have been reported this summer out of a total popu- 
lation of 35,000. 

Along with all this goes the community health work. One community 
has been in operation under the Rockefeller Foundation for several weeks. 
This has been located around Red Oak. Another will be established in the 
near future at Mount Pleasant. 


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